tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45113252326758560792024-03-12T23:32:37.014-07:00Science Shorts III: Back in the ClassroomAfter traveling from coast to coast, filming engagement videos of the science content that I teach everyday and learning firsthand aboard the R/V Melville, it's now time to put it all together in the classroom as the adventures continue! t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-29108151950637020562021-05-20T05:36:00.004-07:002021-05-20T05:39:59.341-07:00My New Adventure!<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.enduringpools.com/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUW31NR1gDtZWNw1q48z5v4xGrDtGwevasXPUut-3Svxht2a_I3a9wyjTMpuArUZKPWGVUMqY6rFLt6cs4_RImjB3RypgKyAcTN7M-g3VzoGsHb_9CHzFuVbzvBBM6aAV1H58-4OZqX4pL/s320/firetablepoolside.png" width="320" /></a></div><p><a href="https://www.enduringpools.com/">Enduring Pools & Outdoors</a></p><p>After committing my adult life to teaching and coaching, I have decided to pursue another passion: building cool stuff. I love meeting new people and working with clients to design and to build the space of their dreams. Pools and spas have always been features that bring our family together, and I want to help other families draw close and enjoy the many benefits of a home that no one wants to leave. </p><p>I'm using my background in environmental conservation and sustainability to build in ways that have the least impact on the ecosystem. My business partner and I have held true to this commitment by choosing to install the very best material possible: <a href="https://www.bradfordhome.com/" target="_blank">STAINLESS STEEL</a>. Not only is it the strongest, most enduring material, but it is also the environmentally friendly choice: installing in far less time, using far fewer chemicals in the daily maintenance, and lasting a lifetime and can even be recycled in the end if desired!</p><p><a href="https://www.enduringpools.com/blog" target="_blank">The value and benefits of stainless steel are unmatched</a>, and we will be the only provider of this fantastic product. A new adventure lies ahead!</p>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-78152693874597469362018-04-15T18:22:00.002-07:002019-08-07T09:33:55.214-07:00Ecology: Around the World 2018!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLyeYiFf7ATq7HENxVEPKYLSkksqbfc3PGDEFtwC3GJ9Zf4Eq0FBrSPFUhVjZMZRcvVvB9UVCOzVrgCN1whrU3nGvjhprUArDV9DKTmhQu5WGHxz1_U8kgKyUSBiK_XJ3oBYowEcTizYb/s1600/joyner-0039.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1270" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLyeYiFf7ATq7HENxVEPKYLSkksqbfc3PGDEFtwC3GJ9Zf4Eq0FBrSPFUhVjZMZRcvVvB9UVCOzVrgCN1whrU3nGvjhprUArDV9DKTmhQu5WGHxz1_U8kgKyUSBiK_XJ3oBYowEcTizYb/s400/joyner-0039.jpg" width="251" /></a>Follow the adventure at <a href="http://www.t3joyner.com/">www.t3joyner.com</a>!<br />
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Yes, I have had amazing opportunities in the past to learn in the field and to produce materials for my classroom, but nothing will compare to the 38-day adventure ahead of me.<br />
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Thanks to a generous grant from my school, I will be traveling around the world on a mission to film science videos for my students. As a 7th grade life science teacher, I lead students to explore our local ecology, and we are able to do some pretty amazing things, like trudging out in waders to collect invertebrates, canoeing out to identify invasive aquatic plants, and exploring multiple waterways to analyze water quality. We compare these discoveries locally, but how do these parameters compare globally?<br />
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My daughter, Olivia, will be traveling with me, and she will be the one asking the questions on camera and interviewing experts along the way. As an adventurous explorer and an inquisitive student, she is perfect for this mission!<br />
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Egypt-India-Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore-Hong Kong<br />
HERE WE COME!<br />
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-73572439930454759562016-03-30T15:13:00.001-07:002016-03-30T15:13:23.374-07:00The Learning Adventure Continues...Check out some pretty cool digital projects and a video done by the local news station. Fun times!<br />
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<a href="http://padlet.com/treyjoyner/5pl370mgk1vy" target="_blank">Sustainable Menus</a><br />
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<a href="http://padlet.com/baylorsci/cellcraft" target="_blank">Cellcraft!</a><br />
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There's much more to come.<br />
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I'm posting to social media quick vids and photos along the way.<br />
Follow at:<br />
Snapchat: t3joyner<br />
Instagram: t3joyner<br />
Pinterest: t3joyner<br />
Twitter: <complete id="goog_798165131">@t3joyner </complete>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-77900213789854058742015-06-06T06:55:00.002-07:002015-06-23T04:19:50.260-07:00Post Research Cruise, Applications in the Classroom<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikLRGDBdBX7gfY0UbjuwyYK9XxiUPZGh6bSq-nRc0sldk862RlyRFgrGACmhny6AV9Yc1tg2kEtZkvrVQ4D9hj7B_hOTdtljpVaVmHIvlokYxs9Keoz34-Z1wR_5HKA2EwOdTChn_YwREw/s1600/IMG_1547.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikLRGDBdBX7gfY0UbjuwyYK9XxiUPZGh6bSq-nRc0sldk862RlyRFgrGACmhny6AV9Yc1tg2kEtZkvrVQ4D9hj7B_hOTdtljpVaVmHIvlokYxs9Keoz34-Z1wR_5HKA2EwOdTChn_YwREw/s200/IMG_1547.JPG" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEM9dNNEsRfLYQpySBE5IqEJc9NlSH7nqkHcdBhZjlSLLp8IFpn3Ms0hyphenhyphenVdD-XtsxuIAARK6aMcBrXNrhq8SLWI3BHtQ07zF5CtbvGTtoijgDLm3-IEzclCMlOij582reHYPkmqDrH7P4Z/s1600/IMG_1551.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEM9dNNEsRfLYQpySBE5IqEJc9NlSH7nqkHcdBhZjlSLLp8IFpn3Ms0hyphenhyphenVdD-XtsxuIAARK6aMcBrXNrhq8SLWI3BHtQ07zF5CtbvGTtoijgDLm3-IEzclCMlOij582reHYPkmqDrH7P4Z/s200/IMG_1551.JPG" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYPPcBZx6hDiW3Swi2Rc5sdj6zrVdzxEmAQrm0PuN09Q6jzajJRL99NvaqLXG08uls_NhIDHvdsHVwLO1lEKZC1uXmTyg7JIQG3e03xE7DTXxj6y3IVMs-ZiFABqKGrO42uxUlZ3NwarJH/s1600/IMG_1539.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYPPcBZx6hDiW3Swi2Rc5sdj6zrVdzxEmAQrm0PuN09Q6jzajJRL99NvaqLXG08uls_NhIDHvdsHVwLO1lEKZC1uXmTyg7JIQG3e03xE7DTXxj6y3IVMs-ZiFABqKGrO42uxUlZ3NwarJH/s200/IMG_1539.JPG" width="150" /></a></div>
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<u>Industrial Phytoplankton</u></div>
After an incredible learning journey at sea, my mind was racing and racing still of all of the creative ways that the research aboard the R/V Melville could be integrated into an 8th grade classroom. It is not everyday that a science classroom in a landlocked State in the mountains turns its focus to the global impacts on the oceans, much less the primary producers within. Throughout the year, we collected water samples from the mountain streams to the Tennessee River to the Atlantic Ocean, and we continued to return to the challenges to biodiversity in every aquatic ecosystem.<br />
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Partnering with the Tennessee Aquarium, Chattanooga Zoo, and experts along the way, students analyzed the adaptations of plants and animals that promoted as well as limited survival. As we investigated the changing chemistry of the ocean, we did more than research the effects on fish and marine mammals. Although we did include a study of the effects of overexploitation (overfishing the oceans specifically), we dug deeper into the unseen marine world. For most students, this was their first introduction to phytoplankton. We had analyzed macroinvertebrates in the streams and rivers firsthand, but most did not realize that there are microorganisms in the waters as well.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXJ_X3sA_DM-5_1-maj9F7sTKgIwUn7wEj9kuwUquUIczbGNsdQBsLCZCn7NgF-QAoD-CU0wo6GI1dGLjj-pvwXyUr8r3YxCuW0Tn6N0PhkKS2kFvld5WxtXHHL-YJyTefSsqbllEPKH3/s1600/IMG_0957.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXJ_X3sA_DM-5_1-maj9F7sTKgIwUn7wEj9kuwUquUIczbGNsdQBsLCZCn7NgF-QAoD-CU0wo6GI1dGLjj-pvwXyUr8r3YxCuW0Tn6N0PhkKS2kFvld5WxtXHHL-YJyTefSsqbllEPKH3/s400/IMG_0957.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
In this project, students connected their growing understanding of the souring seas to their first look at arguably the most important organism on our planet. Students chose a marine phytoplankton genus to study deeply and based their writing and their model from their research.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqqS_PbZaj2JLM6TE6WBmp9v4IYnqn5ynZmQhnrfBelW_3UAftKA3IBXHzoGAnfAB2P2zjfmyij5gdrO949rZU0hEVlmjwzPqxzLR5rDcw-5Bj-5P2kir0ue9iaxARB48Vdqy189E6PC9/s1600/IMG_1068.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqqS_PbZaj2JLM6TE6WBmp9v4IYnqn5ynZmQhnrfBelW_3UAftKA3IBXHzoGAnfAB2P2zjfmyij5gdrO949rZU0hEVlmjwzPqxzLR5rDcw-5Bj-5P2kir0ue9iaxARB48Vdqy189E6PC9/s400/IMG_1068.JPG" width="300" /></a>In history class, our 8th graders were studying the Industrial Revolution. So, we read excerpts of <u>20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</u> and created a "SteamPunk" exhibit! Students could only use scrap metal (dismantling old costume jewelry worked well) to create their replicas because the next step only worked with metals. To give our phytoplankton replicas that Industrial Revolution feel and demonstrate another type of chemical change/reaction, students copper-plated their project using two anodizing techniques. One used hydrochloric acid; the other used copper sulfate; both needed a current from a battery to plate the phyto's with copper. We learned a lot. Some creations were destroyed by unwanted chemical reactions, but others transformed perfectly before their eyes.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-877a_G-dcGjPbAaQEEutL-BIW8nzw5GS5yD7HXtdk5Cpdt3omU3w6-n2aieqIj80oUt1yxMRVAVTHECTZxAddMkjZf0t_5PMC9uzybK0fF5Vrjh-QUwE1BF5g_g2eMwcqHxbOmS6dfzV/s1600/IMG_1561.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-877a_G-dcGjPbAaQEEutL-BIW8nzw5GS5yD7HXtdk5Cpdt3omU3w6-n2aieqIj80oUt1yxMRVAVTHECTZxAddMkjZf0t_5PMC9uzybK0fF5Vrjh-QUwE1BF5g_g2eMwcqHxbOmS6dfzV/s200/IMG_1561.JPG" width="150" /></a>(Side notes: 1. Watch multiple "how-to" videos before starting 2. Use test pieces first 3. Lower voltage works better 4. HCl reacts with aluminum 5. Have fun learning together)<br />
Here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GM-8X67I9e4" target="_blank">video</a> of a student explaining the plating process:<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">For more pictures of student examples, check out: <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/t3joyner/industrial-phytoplankton/">https://www.pinterest.com/t3joyner/industrial-phytoplankton/</a></span><br />
<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-57232092434974466042014-06-08T11:25:00.000-07:002014-06-08T11:25:00.413-07:00How to Sample Water with a GoFlo<iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/wEDwWYuRGfA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-35768375494517911662014-06-07T05:00:00.000-07:002014-06-07T05:00:04.774-07:00Entering Seattle<iframe width="640" height="480" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/f_Yz8fHfjDw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-72548895411544958062014-06-06T11:14:00.000-07:002014-06-06T11:14:02.421-07:00Fur Seal visits the R/V Melville<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/WAfI0XLnA_0" width="640"></iframe>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-59701924279960633932014-06-03T13:54:00.001-07:002014-06-03T13:54:13.832-07:00Festive ending<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sbDN_27IAJghdnE5MnmvwEEbSCPICN1M4KLH-OMk-B1CE79JT77R1TABMOytT2V32XG0Ftmw0gm7ArfciNX7CUyM8PQPRZA3IHCzulIysv7de6X1Sh8biGYB7TU9UTnYWV_kliU81Rig/s640/blogger-image--1001579992.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sbDN_27IAJghdnE5MnmvwEEbSCPICN1M4KLH-OMk-B1CE79JT77R1TABMOytT2V32XG0Ftmw0gm7ArfciNX7CUyM8PQPRZA3IHCzulIysv7de6X1Sh8biGYB7TU9UTnYWV_kliU81Rig/s640/blogger-image--1001579992.jpg"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sbDN_27IAJghdnE5MnmvwEEbSCPICN1M4KLH-OMk-B1CE79JT77R1TABMOytT2V32XG0Ftmw0gm7ArfciNX7CUyM8PQPRZA3IHCzulIysv7de6X1Sh8biGYB7TU9UTnYWV_kliU81Rig/s640/blogger-image--1001579992.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4nAud9htUED22yEe5d8u5mwQrxBSgJAdtvfLgNu-nLzZXlWlOI4iOmV8Vhe37Wicfwy2tPrgQes2R0ETVIJFSNT7APsrl6B3BrIw940nrsVjGxhe8a59EueBJ_Vj4D4iVGOTEjj4hAI4/s640/blogger-image-154587967.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-4nAud9htUED22yEe5d8u5mwQrxBSgJAdtvfLgNu-nLzZXlWlOI4iOmV8Vhe37Wicfwy2tPrgQes2R0ETVIJFSNT7APsrl6B3BrIw940nrsVjGxhe8a59EueBJ_Vj4D4iVGOTEjj4hAI4/s640/blogger-image-154587967.jpg"></a></div></div>As we continue into the Straight of De Fuca, halfway between the U.S. and Canada, the final batch of sampling is being taken for analysis. I'm looking at the mountains in the Olympic National Forest as the familiar music plays as on the fantail, mostly infamous songs from the movie, "National Lapoon's Christmas Vacation." We have a few more locations of interest as we pull into the port at the University of Washington campus on Friday. It's now time to begin the equally difficult work of packing all that has been brought on board which will take all of the next 2-3 days. The sun is out and the mood is that of elation. Science at sea is not easy work. From preparation and planning to tackling problems with equipment and limited resources at sea, these marine scientists have persevered through it all.<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC36hxrHevlvHFaqXHKSwseNln42Po0x1pxGSTrtJT3qTuV6ZvPMnLZkR1kzmjYzE6r9j660Fz2dvH_mudOpY-X6J774EwNfa3zCbYvNBFvzWutuN5TRw_Q2bd2CaeP0Czs9t7LE2rYkwE/s640/blogger-image--917622762.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC36hxrHevlvHFaqXHKSwseNln42Po0x1pxGSTrtJT3qTuV6ZvPMnLZkR1kzmjYzE6r9j660Fz2dvH_mudOpY-X6J774EwNfa3zCbYvNBFvzWutuN5TRw_Q2bd2CaeP0Czs9t7LE2rYkwE/s640/blogger-image--917622762.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The research has been successful, and the learning has been overwhelming, as everyone is eager to teach and learn. These are lifelong learners unlike any I have ever witnessed firsthand. Science is knowledge, an understanding of mysteries one test at a time. As Dr. Wells said to me, "If we knew everything that we were doing, it wouldn't be called research." </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">After this research cruise, we are one step closer to understanding the vast unknown of the ocean and the future of life as we know it. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">I am currently working on videos to add to this blog once I get home to sufficient bandwidth. I will be interviewing each principal investigator and report as I have on the other parts of this journey. The day by day work with many more pictures and information can be found on my friend and collegue, Denis Costello's blog, socalcostello.blogspot.com. Feel free to comment if there is more that you'd like to see or know about life and science at sea.</div><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-30936855121303001512014-06-01T21:24:00.000-07:002014-06-01T21:24:03.297-07:00UW joins the science party <br />
After several strenuous days of sampling and working in the lab, we are now in the home stretch with quite a few sites of interest in our path. In coordination with NOAA-PMEL, Rachel Van Giessen represents the University of Washington on this cruise. Her team of three is playing an important role in both the grand design of our research onboard and the collaboration between NOAA and UW. They are analyzing both dissolved oxygen (DO) and collecting samples for the labs back at the university to analyze for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Rachel's team has been supporting in every way on board by deploying the CTD with me each day and helping wherever is needed. Now that we are off the coast of Washington, there are specific sites that NOAA is particularly interested in that are now our target sites. These sites have been chosen because of their value for comparing data in the same location over time. We have monitored the water chemistry for many years from these exact spots and are able to see the changes, year to year. Entering the Strait of Juan De Fuca, we will be increasing our workload to collect data all along the way.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Their work:</span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3VPQtN87iKxMtG997ZP5pYm4a5F5qps8dZZDGiI2VmR2GM_eVDIjrpv-PDCcmhcIaZfwxglwB_z84UqR1obRsG-DY4cRF45MtaCLUCrZDVGHAespu7mf1nfW-R2TGkNtj19Te9GIfOlLo/s1600/IMG_0729.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3VPQtN87iKxMtG997ZP5pYm4a5F5qps8dZZDGiI2VmR2GM_eVDIjrpv-PDCcmhcIaZfwxglwB_z84UqR1obRsG-DY4cRF45MtaCLUCrZDVGHAespu7mf1nfW-R2TGkNtj19Te9GIfOlLo/s1600/IMG_0729.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rachel Vander Giessen, UW, titrating to find DO in a sample</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUpNMxWLEL8Fq1eluPY5iUZwWetOGhShsPZzqDeDnG836dhA8EbNk8JNPp3_ILG1qNeSvHf9ixJRFEcOPNhiANAzAUncUDzdgE036Yh6DJFJqkEGlw6hp-J919LCs0WwkKJvjWKwoF-Vb/s1600/IMG_4579.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHUpNMxWLEL8Fq1eluPY5iUZwWetOGhShsPZzqDeDnG836dhA8EbNk8JNPp3_ILG1qNeSvHf9ixJRFEcOPNhiANAzAUncUDzdgE036Yh6DJFJqkEGlw6hp-J919LCs0WwkKJvjWKwoF-Vb/s1600/IMG_4579.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hannah and Kit work together to collect the water sample<br />and poison the sample to stop the biological processes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUbdKqdAu8_H2Wuyt3jHfx4oRNRukPALo4komviCorD1iyS1185UKtlifQS7gdRlwMAZdm4uOhNmFEYkyZgI1kKGVocHYl-P_Rdx4WqNpGeySAlPcVvFsuquUHIr4PIqPSvzvlhWtlM8uT/s1600/IMG_0730.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUbdKqdAu8_H2Wuyt3jHfx4oRNRukPALo4komviCorD1iyS1185UKtlifQS7gdRlwMAZdm4uOhNmFEYkyZgI1kKGVocHYl-P_Rdx4WqNpGeySAlPcVvFsuquUHIr4PIqPSvzvlhWtlM8uT/s1600/IMG_0730.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Titration mobile station. <br />Notice the cloudy precipitate in the glass vial.</td></tr>
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Rachel, Hannah and Kit work together to carefully collect samples from various depths without any contamination. They are the first to sample from the CTD and make sure that no air in the Niskin enters their specialized glass containers. Contamination from the atmosphere is their number one concern and the reason that they follow such tight protocols. As soon as the sample is taken without a single bubble, they poison the sample to stop any biological processes inside the bottle, freezing the chemistry of the water for analysis. Otherwise, the organisms within would continue using up the nutrients and change the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the water. By adding 1 mL of manganese chloride and another milliliter of a combination of sodium hydroxide and nitrogen iodide, they create a precipitate, clear evidence of a chemical change. The solid (precipitate) that is formed is directly proportional to the DO (dissolved oxygen) that they ultimately want to calculate on board. Within a five day window, they add 1 mL of diluted sulfuric acid which frees the iodine and turns the basic solution to the acidic side of the pH scale (under 7). They then add a starch solution (think potato) to use as an indicator to determine when the solution becomes perfectly neutral. Using this method that has been used since the late 1800's (1888 to be exact), they titrate with a device that allows them to add one thousandth of a milliliter of sodium thiosulfate at a time, looking carefully for when the solution becomes completely clear. At this point, they record the amount of sodium thiosulfate that was needed and input this number into a formula to find the dissolved oxygen content, accurately and without contamination.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpOZeVu0Sw4oLDxLcRUCiHrJEdw2VOMNoyJ1TDm6GA_OKkh3S8iNBHEucXO5dQ2enCDi4lFBnBMXcFv0mFFWBUvjlhRXddrX4cX640CQq8_JrLnrHewsMApJC91ZaptnT9H4lBqyIcS05P/s1600/rachel.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpOZeVu0Sw4oLDxLcRUCiHrJEdw2VOMNoyJ1TDm6GA_OKkh3S8iNBHEucXO5dQ2enCDi4lFBnBMXcFv0mFFWBUvjlhRXddrX4cX640CQq8_JrLnrHewsMApJC91ZaptnT9H4lBqyIcS05P/s1600/rachel.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rachel works on the deck with the chemicals used for DO calculations.</td></tr>
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These calculations and those for the DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) will be used in other formulas all over the vessel. It's a tight-knit family here with everyone collaborating, adding to the big picture one titration at a time.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Meet the team: </span></blockquote>
Rachel Vander Giessen, 33, has had a passion for the ocean as long as she's lived in Seattle. All of her life. After graduating from high school, her passion propelled her to apply for the Maritime Marine Academy in Seattle, like so many of the full-time crew on board the <i>Melville</i>, but a subpar math score on the entrance exam kept her from pursuing this dream. Ironically, her degree now is in physics. "All it took was a good professor," she explained, to change her mind and turn her on to the mathematical world around us. After a few years of crewing private vessels through the inside passage to Alaska, she finished her degree and began volunteering at UW. It was on another research cruise as a volunteer with Jan Newton (UW) to repair the Cha Ba buoy (one of our sites of interest) that she was offered a permanent job with the university that has led to her work here with us.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzQVypK0e9R4U167zlwbaDONckj-lORw2aujOsgh1AJVrJNSsdH4d-sCFAtZJrUwmAtWsTo6GMacD_1kUJU1p6s8BaYvHE0VNV7gTjWi2FJaF70N8x3WTNqh7OtcxggVz6gqldsNboXI7/s1600/IMG_0779.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPzQVypK0e9R4U167zlwbaDONckj-lORw2aujOsgh1AJVrJNSsdH4d-sCFAtZJrUwmAtWsTo6GMacD_1kUJU1p6s8BaYvHE0VNV7gTjWi2FJaF70N8x3WTNqh7OtcxggVz6gqldsNboXI7/s1600/IMG_0779.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rachel holds the clipboard and lets each person know when<br />to start sampling. This helps avoid confusion and contamination.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-JSXtiLgdV9jVHJghZi5JfIEBeHC6yTzx21Ieb_SDOwkoju-K-ft4Ft6fuJylXm8389ZvASvPG4XzRXG0iJSwT1CpS42xijDRja7cbICDijE7W_8LAHV1IBgGsDWbLbDQY84UAIrQb1oM/s1600/IMG_0770.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-JSXtiLgdV9jVHJghZi5JfIEBeHC6yTzx21Ieb_SDOwkoju-K-ft4Ft6fuJylXm8389ZvASvPG4XzRXG0iJSwT1CpS42xijDRja7cbICDijE7W_8LAHV1IBgGsDWbLbDQY84UAIrQb1oM/s1600/IMG_0770.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hannah Glover sampling for DO.</td></tr>
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Hannah Glover, 23, moved from her lifelong northeastern home to Seattle after graduating from Bowdine College in Brunswick, Maine and working for a while with the Maine geological survey. Hannah is a natural at sea and loves the work and the outdoors. Her move to Seattle quickly turned into an internship at a land trust making maps before joining the UW applied physics lab as a volunteer. With UW and Rachel, she helped deploy ORCA buoys; as with everything in science, ORCA is an acronym for oceanic remote chemical analyzer. When asked if she wanted to join this science excursion, Hannah did not hesitate to join.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvne-bsRU7tTvsdxtpBF8ET-yMBvcBk5q1yPzSyIhztiQIRoPBIYJYb2Gri-iSGjrY02T-csnp-KVtav_8PqmFMZoDAxt5NSRB_QJ7ZOHKHW8Tyws-cg9zlXg8XUMm2wD3CqG9ClnVsDH/s1600/IMG_0759.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimvne-bsRU7tTvsdxtpBF8ET-yMBvcBk5q1yPzSyIhztiQIRoPBIYJYb2Gri-iSGjrY02T-csnp-KVtav_8PqmFMZoDAxt5NSRB_QJ7ZOHKHW8Tyws-cg9zlXg8XUMm2wD3CqG9ClnVsDH/s1600/IMG_0759.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Kit" Kallista Angeloff</td></tr>
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"Kit" Kallista Angeloff, 26, graduated from Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) which led to work as an illustrator for a science team. She created technical drawings for archaeological finds. It was in this field, that she kindled a passion for science and realized that she had a desire to know more, especially in the area of chemistry, geochemistry, and marine chemistry. Kit moved to Seattle and started her Ph.D. at South Seattle Community College. But, determined to know more, she emailed and called all over UW's campus to find opportunities to learn first-hand. Her persistence led to her contact with Rachel, and here she is, working side-by-side with best oceanographers in the world.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5zo8yzZfkqCj8aqv1qR1c38wAm6JEe2T_e3VJPxHkYEy5RUjMlvwgBfjXoInraVVWCoPBc0KLWzwl5_cXK1o_E8MXWjqzBX3VdKN2saf5zqqd4ylfHUGa4omJdN4RCSTmzCN2RyKp5HQv/s1600/IMG_0766.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5zo8yzZfkqCj8aqv1qR1c38wAm6JEe2T_e3VJPxHkYEy5RUjMlvwgBfjXoInraVVWCoPBc0KLWzwl5_cXK1o_E8MXWjqzBX3VdKN2saf5zqqd4ylfHUGa4omJdN4RCSTmzCN2RyKp5HQv/s1600/IMG_0766.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kit stops the biological processes, <br />preserving the chemistry of the sample.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg05HmZjdkkSTHiJPfr4sfZ8-6XffFHcpt2YOIxKWUCUJRvi99ND24AaY5ypcnsXaMDGXl4s7PrfMtnpDN1nUb_-xkBLglXz08U0h3yjKf0IW4qeYsT9E1dPyjmImDSy0IK2vWiPrU5J1RC/s1600/IMG_0738.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg05HmZjdkkSTHiJPfr4sfZ8-6XffFHcpt2YOIxKWUCUJRvi99ND24AaY5ypcnsXaMDGXl4s7PrfMtnpDN1nUb_-xkBLglXz08U0h3yjKf0IW4qeYsT9E1dPyjmImDSy0IK2vWiPrU5J1RC/s1600/IMG_0738.jpg" height="200" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The formula to calculate DO from<br />the Winkler Method.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKpQOvrBL6er-8lcWqRnB7E0T-SjdfM3PMxx_Py445mY1CJbX1iDs32MxoWT9S7G_lzwg7WlFyiLJ58Zh598-K8_Pbr4yDUUD_8uFtIL_BgrJ2FkSQyqQnHf6zEDArCezMHH7M5Fehcxmn/s1600/IMG_0735.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKpQOvrBL6er-8lcWqRnB7E0T-SjdfM3PMxx_Py445mY1CJbX1iDs32MxoWT9S7G_lzwg7WlFyiLJ58Zh598-K8_Pbr4yDUUD_8uFtIL_BgrJ2FkSQyqQnHf6zEDArCezMHH7M5Fehcxmn/s1600/IMG_0735.jpg" height="200" width="148" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each volume is known; <br />they use these values in their calculations.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqOy_53Ek8LdordtQDSVyuYGi_F-ZKC6G63pY6P_6beFq2XGnNWlu3-O_TAn4hcjMmvtoUfixtLgzwKvlad4tk0xjK87SPuOlCkMCSb2L99YE4VLK-hqJhpJoXrU0uQWJLRCIWc9iJP6A1/s1600/IMG_0725.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqOy_53Ek8LdordtQDSVyuYGi_F-ZKC6G63pY6P_6beFq2XGnNWlu3-O_TAn4hcjMmvtoUfixtLgzwKvlad4tk0xjK87SPuOlCkMCSb2L99YE4VLK-hqJhpJoXrU0uQWJLRCIWc9iJP6A1/s1600/IMG_0725.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each glass container has an exact <br />known volume to six places after the zero.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp746ZZUbySuZ_JErqh0HxEcTz1gGiHCrwbuHzQNarysCnhuI8wbhPNZB3kP_YGxqucoab_0wXm4wOJFrtntYOJHLjkQ04M-CvlFJIZFfHFter34w6lWZZFSlGy0bGmHcdd-R7u0nFG6kH/s1600/IMG_0767.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp746ZZUbySuZ_JErqh0HxEcTz1gGiHCrwbuHzQNarysCnhuI8wbhPNZB3kP_YGxqucoab_0wXm4wOJFrtntYOJHLjkQ04M-CvlFJIZFfHFter34w6lWZZFSlGy0bGmHcdd-R7u0nFG6kH/s1600/IMG_0767.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adding the "poison"</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2_aXm1Au36qwPHwl5YevOSVJDlmGpyW6p-PNoxRXqzsgw6V7Et8YCuAI0BL65UT6Xamio0sICdJs3QLkjZT4SsbKSDKMHahLW_lMx-IwWNH9hpAu6D5DTZpc39XRbpxsAJHn2l3nhNUEw/s1600/IMG_0768.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2_aXm1Au36qwPHwl5YevOSVJDlmGpyW6p-PNoxRXqzsgw6V7Et8YCuAI0BL65UT6Xamio0sICdJs3QLkjZT4SsbKSDKMHahLW_lMx-IwWNH9hpAu6D5DTZpc39XRbpxsAJHn2l3nhNUEw/s1600/IMG_0768.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Precipitate formed.</td></tr>
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-41172204175480863492014-05-31T22:19:00.000-07:002014-06-01T07:28:29.061-07:00Chuck and the Rad-van<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSkrnf2KIuGzt_GxTqoHL65OxelK0jXWip6yxuRHb62Fv7pDbhP9LfKdw10c03uyAGlx_J25iht18D1wGcxXmPKHzXTYDy8agJ4lAexdP2up6Q72wn6vTdTiwae6aWiLdLhus3W4b-lAu9/s1600/ChuckAd.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSkrnf2KIuGzt_GxTqoHL65OxelK0jXWip6yxuRHb62Fv7pDbhP9LfKdw10c03uyAGlx_J25iht18D1wGcxXmPKHzXTYDy8agJ4lAexdP2up6Q72wn6vTdTiwae6aWiLdLhus3W4b-lAu9/s1600/ChuckAd.png" height="640" width="490" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tweeted this ad because "Chuck and the Rad-Van" sounded like a band <br />
that could be playing in our destination: Seattle!</td></tr>
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As a junior grad student under Dr. Cochlan at San Francisco State University, Charles "Chuck" Wingert, 27, is earning his master's degree in marine biology with a rare opportunity to work with the brightest and best from Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies. Chuck's been tirelessly working onboard, and the major-majority of that time has been spent in a 8 foot by 20 foot container box that has been converted into a mobile science lab. This one in particular is called the "Rad-Van" because Chuck is working with radioactive materials inside. He has the proper certification and dons the appropriate safety gear as he handles the radioactive isotopes needed for his work.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Calibrating the light intensity before<br />
departing San Francisco, no protection<br />
needed at this point</td></tr>
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All plants gain their energy for production of glucose from carbon dioxide (CO<span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span>) and sunlight. Phytoplankton are no different in this respect; they are autophototrophs--converting the sun's energy into food for themselves and for consumers. Carbon dioxide (CO<span style="font-size: x-small;">2)</span> is relevant to us because of oceanic acidification (OA). Increased CO<span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span> production is leading to a decreased pH, an increased acidity by the production of carbonic acid. "It's all about the free positive H's" as Chuck and Chris have said to me, both graduate students at RTC-SFSU. Acids have a surplus of positive hydrogen ions, and as the ocean's pH lowers, the more "positive H's" are floating around. But, the question is: Does a lower pH affect the efficiency of the "plants" (phytoplankton) ability to make its own food? Our research team hypothesizes that a lower pH due to OA decreases the photosynthetic ability of phytoplankton, some more than others. This is one of the many questions being answered on this research cruise.<br />
<br />
Remember that every group on board has a specific focus for their research, but they all collaborate, sharing data and using differing methods to compare data as well. For example, Brian Bill' s taxonomy of phytoplankton was supported by Julia Matheson's work with the flow cytometer. Andrew Schellenbach's FIRe work determined photosynthetic health, happy versus distressed cells; now, we look at Chuck Wingert's work in the Rad-Van, testing similarly for the cells photosynthetic health but with another method.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photosynthetron with samples, notice<br />
the brighter intensity light at the<br />
bottom of the picture</td></tr>
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Chuck is using an instrument called THE PHOTOSYNTHETRON, a name so futuristic it deserves all caps. Basically, the photosynethetron measures the rate of photosynthesis at each intensity of light, providing a nice standard curve, steadily increasing then flattening out. This machine with Star-Trekish name measures the amount of carbon uptake to make glucose from the varying light intensities. Some species of phytoplankton are low-light adapted while others are high-light adapted. This is the way that we can determine their efficiency to perform photosynthesis at differing light intensity levels.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photosynthetron without<br />
samples added; each of these<br />
cells are tuned for a specific<br />
light intensity. </td></tr>
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In order for the photosynthetron to measure carbon uptake, Chuck has to add a radioactive isotope of carbon, C-14. Every atom of carbon has 6 protons, and on the periodic table, carbon has an atomic mass of 12.011 amu. That means every atom of carbon has not only 6 protons but 6 neutrons as well, combining to make up the atomic mass. An isotope is when the neutrons differ from the stable atom of the element on the periodic table; therefore, C-14 is an isotope of carbon that has not 6 neutrons but 8.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">6 protons plus 8 neutrons equals 14, C-14.</span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid6ZtC6vHu-983-KpPHm080csfCPF2vM2x08QcSpKxqSe0hE_96pxIKTPpThyGCz0OTKE8gMJPuJ94OGYuIQzJPsdWHadKrd8vC6rUHyASr9F-2tKLT3k4ymROVEGDYv-Gt2jzFq9dtg0K/s1600/IMG_4776.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid6ZtC6vHu-983-KpPHm080csfCPF2vM2x08QcSpKxqSe0hE_96pxIKTPpThyGCz0OTKE8gMJPuJ94OGYuIQzJPsdWHadKrd8vC6rUHyASr9F-2tKLT3k4ymROVEGDYv-Gt2jzFq9dtg0K/s1600/IMG_4776.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fume hood takes up all gases from the reaction. </td></tr>
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After Chuck adds the radioactive isotope C-14, he allows the phytoplankton to incubate for 2 hours to take up the radioactive carbon, C-14. Afterwards, he then moves the samples to the fume hood and adds 10% hydrochloric acid, HCl. The hydrochloric acid, HCl, helps remove any C-14 that is not taken up by the cells. Through a chemical reaction between the C-14 and HCl, carbon dioxide is produced as a gas and taken up in the fume hood safely to the atmosphere. This degassing takes 12-24 hours. All the C-14 that is left is that which is taken up by the cells; the excess removed.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2FiPleM9p5Lc5Jv8Qzjx34uGcA1YM2Qzj7LuKQs2MdNrexgwvunZOs3uhLIn0L4HalJrCqj6Dbs2giDe1EPQ3wdAJqlYM3SsmShQyKvPJiqulygLY4Tc5jZSiyMhN3lsUscXRGDhE9our/s1600/IMG_4770.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2FiPleM9p5Lc5Jv8Qzjx34uGcA1YM2Qzj7LuKQs2MdNrexgwvunZOs3uhLIn0L4HalJrCqj6Dbs2giDe1EPQ3wdAJqlYM3SsmShQyKvPJiqulygLY4Tc5jZSiyMhN3lsUscXRGDhE9our/s1600/IMG_4770.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a>After degassing, he adds a special solution and places the samples into another machine, called a liquid scintillation counter. This device detects radioactive isotope, C-14 without detecting the stable carbon (C-12). The machine provides a printout of "disintegrations per minute" or DPM. The higher the DPM, the more C-14 present in the sample which means that it has a higher photosynthetic capacity. Chuck then uses this number in a formula to find the carbon uptake or the "rate of photosynthesis." <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Liquid Scintillation Counter detects C-14.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_DCpgZxRPF4vz4U_sE48E3ANjyFOrBmyL9P5kaE86vf6Md0cvYLoHNOwNugo7cGJyHzrhFnGEVzK5sSs8XZ0xeNI8PCMA3OXG1reD-21T_Q_hOlRUmNs5NDpxcerq2A7Es2syq_mRjLnf/s1600/IMG_4774.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_DCpgZxRPF4vz4U_sE48E3ANjyFOrBmyL9P5kaE86vf6Md0cvYLoHNOwNugo7cGJyHzrhFnGEVzK5sSs8XZ0xeNI8PCMA3OXG1reD-21T_Q_hOlRUmNs5NDpxcerq2A7Es2syq_mRjLnf/s1600/IMG_4774.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two photosynthetrons with samples for testing</td></tr>
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Different species of phytoplankton all have the same general shape of the curve, increasing photosynthetic rates with higher light intensity but leveling off at capacity, but this curve varies with its values. In other words, some species will be better adapted than others for the chemistry of the ocean and the changes of the future. Our work here is particularly interested in which phytoplankton cells are best adapted for the higher acidity and lower available nutrients as well as the effect of higher acidity on photosynthetic health. </div>
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Chuck is playing a huge role in this grand investigation. And, it continues long after this month of science at sea. In order for Chuck to truly see the photosynthetic abilities of each sample, he will need to input data for the formula to work. That data will come later as the group from University of Washington in conjunction with NOAA-PMEL (post upcoming) analyzes samples for DIC, dissolved inorganic carbon. It's all coordinated and connected--a beautiful picture of the ocean which we are studying.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chuck Wingert and Chris Ikeda are both graduate students<br />
at RTC-SFSU under Dr. Cochlan.</td></tr>
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-36875436651627790162014-05-31T09:14:00.000-07:002014-05-31T10:26:28.823-07:00Quick story from the bridge...One the best things about being at sea is meeting new people and hearing the stories they have from life experiences. Sailors, especially for research vessels like the Melville, have been all over the world to some of the most exotic places. I have been amazed by their adventures, and I can understand why a young man or woman finds themselves with saltwater in their blood. This salty life, however, is reserved for those with an adventurous spirit and few ties to the mainland. With a wife and four children at home, I could never do what they do which is why I have enjoyed learning about their jobs and hearing of their adventures.<br />
<br />
When I was writing my post about the bridge, I met all of the officers and the captain. Heather Galiher is the 2nd mate onboard, and she told be me about some of her favorite places that she's had the chance to visit in her young career. Heather told me about Papua New Guinea, and how she climbed into the mouth of an active volcano with the rest of her crew. She said that<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">the very next day that same volcano erupted!</span> </blockquote>
It's a pretty amazing story. But, it didn't make the impact that the pictures do.<br />
<br />
Take a look at what Heather sent me a few days later to support the magnitude of her story.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hiking up to the volcano</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eruption the next day</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlAWF2QOVrfjcKUqPEVdR1NZ44J2HCrrCztyKjQnJnV1QTt7n0RU4ppUYxiFSZU_552gqc_YW1iVBtY8RK1abm-CEgiDcpIAAL4NmqEgUhqdFwlVgfFCRpiqgDgoY5Q085lnBv5D438oPz/s1600/IMG_0610.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlAWF2QOVrfjcKUqPEVdR1NZ44J2HCrrCztyKjQnJnV1QTt7n0RU4ppUYxiFSZU_552gqc_YW1iVBtY8RK1abm-CEgiDcpIAAL4NmqEgUhqdFwlVgfFCRpiqgDgoY5Q085lnBv5D438oPz/s1600/IMG_0610.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heather Galiher unscathed, ready to board the R/V Melville.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPxVOTH61BbLYkGh9GnORy7hXzXSG4Xh7uLlIMXJ9t3sBPF2cg5jv7s0v3AEMAqcn03s9vepIGTaa3ceTebqG0lot7NeAeGBGe12M02CMhdbI97TKyRwPeZPrGxvI-6jV8wiK8_LBY2xsF/s1600/IMG_4757.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPxVOTH61BbLYkGh9GnORy7hXzXSG4Xh7uLlIMXJ9t3sBPF2cg5jv7s0v3AEMAqcn03s9vepIGTaa3ceTebqG0lot7NeAeGBGe12M02CMhdbI97TKyRwPeZPrGxvI-6jV8wiK8_LBY2xsF/s1600/IMG_4757.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The reason that I could never be a full time sailor.<br />
left to right: Bryce, nearly 2, Olivia , 11, Jax, 3, Grady, 9</td></tr>
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<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-18546440572178139962014-05-29T20:32:00.000-07:002014-05-29T20:32:36.531-07:00Canadians, eh?<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUsegR2e9Do857-3l6d7WMgYEAaP-zRRRljcfNnFK4hfLOfOU5C3Jpeybkcp2Ae-CP1519-XBFi1LkoTTI9vP2mjFAHCX5V2Y5z0rRkeZSIAL1kHaGMhlbQ0avz7uVqpEgit_2FcbtmPTT/s1600/IMG_4403.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUsegR2e9Do857-3l6d7WMgYEAaP-zRRRljcfNnFK4hfLOfOU5C3Jpeybkcp2Ae-CP1519-XBFi1LkoTTI9vP2mjFAHCX5V2Y5z0rRkeZSIAL1kHaGMhlbQ0avz7uVqpEgit_2FcbtmPTT/s1600/IMG_4403.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">left to right: Dr. Mark Wells (U. Maine), Trey Joyner,<br />
Dr. Charlie Trick (Western U.), and Dr. Bill Cochlan (RTC-SFSU)</td></tr>
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As a southern boy, I haven't had too many encounters with our friends north of the border. Now, I find myself talking hockey and comparing climates of our homes with three of the four principal investigators: Dr. Cochlan, Dr. Wells, and Dr. Trick. All three of these men of science hail from the colder regions of North America and are proud of it. Dr. Wells lives and works in the States at the University of Maine, and Dr. Cochlan lives and works in California at San Francisco State University. Dr. Charlie Trick, however, continues to live and work in the great Dominion of Canada at Western University in London, Ontario, but was raised in Ohio.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCyMEufL1Y4Hsm_8JwJhJQ2TBt7uAV2g9fARAYuulYihYS6m4nAzZiAwTVI8p45xBqWduCVoZyIXoidhBQPWzH_AnHtxfJgiV7NQKT7N3Zos_mwta7zRxtEkTB6kg2S08xhjhE0TkKGIP4/s1600/IMG_0627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCyMEufL1Y4Hsm_8JwJhJQ2TBt7uAV2g9fARAYuulYihYS6m4nAzZiAwTVI8p45xBqWduCVoZyIXoidhBQPWzH_AnHtxfJgiV7NQKT7N3Zos_mwta7zRxtEkTB6kg2S08xhjhE0TkKGIP4/s1600/IMG_0627.JPG" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Charlie Trick proving that fun and science do mix!<br />
This group has been incredible, and it stems from the leadership.</td></tr>
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I will be writing more about Dr. Trick in the near future, so I will concentrate on the complimentary work that he and his team from Western U. are doing in our oceanic lab at sea. Julia Matheson, "PJ," as she's known onboard, is a graduate with her master's degree in biology. She has been brought on by Dr. Trick to be his research assistant because of her experience with a sophisticated machine, called a "flow cytometer." Julia quietly works all day from her station, donning heavy jackets in the cold lab. With every 2 mL sample, she uses the flow cytometer to determine the phytoplankton species and concentration. While I was interviewing her, she showed me that the sample in her hand had 19 cells of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphidophyte">raphidophyte</a>, <i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i> a species known for forming harmful algal blooms ("red tides"), a fish killer. That means that the concentration of the sample contains 19 of these harmful cells per 100 mL of seawater. The PI's will analyze these results and the results of others to determine a possible conclusion, but they never jump to conclusions. Just like in my classes, they rely on the evidence to guide them, and just like my classes, they use multiple sources.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz14tsB7-An9TjfSXrDHRq0dOayntbHXUXvO2lDiGfF24XlVTCFhO0c5p1KgamWD__jOxVg85A8V-uD5Ez2rLUMDLPSvY7xR_6nvn_mtvlm2RCCDXHe-iliZwMRDfjYDrY6B2P_Ff9K0hX/s1600/IMG_0699.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz14tsB7-An9TjfSXrDHRq0dOayntbHXUXvO2lDiGfF24XlVTCFhO0c5p1KgamWD__jOxVg85A8V-uD5Ez2rLUMDLPSvY7xR_6nvn_mtvlm2RCCDXHe-iliZwMRDfjYDrY6B2P_Ff9K0hX/s1600/IMG_0699.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julia Matheson, research assistant, Western University,<br />
London, Ontario, will be spending 12 weeks after<br />
our research at sea in Bermuda with BIOS, Bermuda<br />
Institute of Ocean Sciences as an intern with more time at<br />
sea on the R/V Atlantis.</td></tr>
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Julia is basically determining the same thing as Brian and Kathryn (see previous post) but using laser technology rather than traditional light microscopy. Both parties are observing the assemblage of the type and concentration of the phytoplankton in each sample. Brian and Kathryn are using concentration techniques, then, looking under the microscope for the general abundance of the phytoplankton present. Julia is using the flow cytometer which automatically sorts the cells by size and chlorophyll fluorescence, essentially observing the same things as Brian and Kathryn. From these two sources, the PI's can be sure that they have an accurate view of the biodiversity of the ocean's primary producers. Julia's machine also allows her to breakdown each sample into high, medium, and low chlorophyll production for each cast and each depth sampled. This is additional information to be shared with the teams to assess the relative health of the planktonic community.<br />
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Speaking with Dr. Trick, I realized that the food chain communities are size-based assemblages. In other words, large planktonic cells are food for larger zooplankton. The larger the phytoplankton, the shorter the food web, making it more efficient energetically. If phytoplankton cells, due to oceanic acidification or other variables, are smaller in size, then the food chain is longer, less efficient, meaning that more sun and nutrients will be necessary to provide the same amount of food for fish and other predators at the top of the food chain. Therefore, it is important to find out the cell size and their relative photosynthetic contribution to the natural community. And, like the iPhone, there's an app for that; in fact, there are multiple tools available that our marine scientists utilize aboard the R/V Melville.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaRdTwBsMCJKclPXMV_q502mnSrTFciVrfY4MQ6lR9xD6cHKk9qVKJkcHLDh7ylAkcOqkE_t6Hc2A3eO8tdNf7A6vDvkOIGB9zeCm3jHpEOe4SQnihb-C801c3MbFyEoASrz_gbR2lnY3b/s1600/IMG_0711.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaRdTwBsMCJKclPXMV_q502mnSrTFciVrfY4MQ6lR9xD6cHKk9qVKJkcHLDh7ylAkcOqkE_t6Hc2A3eO8tdNf7A6vDvkOIGB9zeCm3jHpEOe4SQnihb-C801c3MbFyEoASrz_gbR2lnY3b/s1600/IMG_0711.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Andrew Schellenbach, senior at Western University with<br />
Dr. Cochlan (RTC-SFSU) and Denis Costello and<br />
Kathryn Ferguson in the background.</td></tr>
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Andrew Schellenbach, our youngest science crew member at 20 years of age, is a senior at Western Univ., and hopes to use this experience to help guide him in the next chapter of life as he continues his scientific career. His job in this investigation has been to use two types of fluorometers, one approach uses a chemical, called DCMU to disrupt the flow of photosynthetic energy and then measure the fluoresence using a traditional fluorometer; and in another approach, rapid rates of light are used to saturate the photosystems of the planktonic cells. This latter type of fluorometer is called a FIRe. By firing light through the samples, FIRe is able to provide a measure of photosynthetic health--determining whether we have "healthy, happy cells or distressed, sad cells," according to Dr. Trick, co-PI. Andrew explained that FIRe uses a ratio from two different blasts of light, one short and intense, another longer, less intense. The light excites the photosynthetic cells until they are saturated. With each specific ray of light, FIRe records the cells' absorption of light until, no more light can be absorbed; it is saturated. Andrew's analysis using these two methods compliment another experiment onboard that goes even a step further. I will focus on Chuck and the "Radvan" later and show how it provides more evidence from yet another source to determine the health of the phytoplankton in our samples.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVVua5o1MPzcxBKSbbLs6pKLoqbb2yz11VfL5PtKbJ2M-mLlrxWq4vug9d3wun6W7TFOSZZyn9xhXQfUJn12amwYzqnxNZvGpKHhnJs2EFxzWIF9v25qhsgz2TTCLScuJdvmBc419at78z/s1600/IMG_0715.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVVua5o1MPzcxBKSbbLs6pKLoqbb2yz11VfL5PtKbJ2M-mLlrxWq4vug9d3wun6W7TFOSZZyn9xhXQfUJn12amwYzqnxNZvGpKHhnJs2EFxzWIF9v25qhsgz2TTCLScuJdvmBc419at78z/s1600/IMG_0715.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FIRe measures photosynthetic health from the ratio derived<br />
from maximums that saturate the cell.</td></tr>
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With every experiment, with every method, with every collaboration and with every conversation; together - they reveal a clearer picture. Like observing a diamond from different angles, using different instruments and different eyes, we not only have a better understanding but a greater appreciation for its beauty. Personally, that is what I'm observing here everyday at sea: Beautiful complexity revealed one test at a time.t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-91489939650689866132014-05-28T19:59:00.000-07:002014-05-28T20:11:54.084-07:00Domoic Acid in the Phyto's<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
To say that I'm learning a lot would be a gross understatement. I'm drinking scientific knowledge from a firehose here. Every day and night, our conversations with the brightest and best scientists, experts in multiple disciplines from biology to chemistry to geology, supersede my limited knowledge of the marine world. Little by little, my understanding grows. How do you eat an elephant? One bite at a time. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDThHSdArGl3JdiEp6HTYeObHbn4vz8UQu-AoKGnDxLPzvvNi3u-bNQB3VghyGauU7iEvLT3TYvy-dhvghUE3Vvipi_LAFT-jiILuJKPUkCM2ocV25AepdDLGuC2UEKk75-nABL5_mlfCR/s1600/IMG_4701.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDThHSdArGl3JdiEp6HTYeObHbn4vz8UQu-AoKGnDxLPzvvNi3u-bNQB3VghyGauU7iEvLT3TYvy-dhvghUE3Vvipi_LAFT-jiILuJKPUkCM2ocV25AepdDLGuC2UEKk75-nABL5_mlfCR/s1600/IMG_4701.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Cochlan (SFSU-RTC) with former student, Brian Bill (NOAA-NWFSC),<br />
enriching seawater for a domoic acid experiment.</td></tr>
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The way research cruises work is that the principal investigators collaborate ideas, plan, and write a grant proposal to fund a specific investigation. In our case, Dr. Bill Cochlan was selected to be the chief scientist by the group. They then sent a proposal to the National Science Foundation (NSF) that was accepted relatively quickly due to its uniqueness and importance. Normally, these proposals will take several drafts, but because of the urgency of field data to monitor effects of oceanic acidification (OA) on lipid quality and quantity on the only marine organisms responsible for their production--effecting the entirety of the marine food web, their proposal was accepted and funded on the first submission. After the proposal and budget is approved, Dr. Cochlan and his team not only begin the hard work of planning and testing for the target experiments on board but continue to reach out to other noted marine scientists to coordinate experiments that will compliment this target research. Therefore, many peer-reviewed publications of the past and the future will have repeating names as authorship: Dr. Wells (<a href="https://umaine.edu/">U. Maine)</a>, Dr. Trick (<a href="http://www.uwo.ca/">Western U.</a>), Dr. Trainer (NOAA-<a href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/">NWFSC</a>), Dr. Bidigare (<a href="http://www.hawaii.edu/">U. Hawaii</a>) and Dr. Cochlan (<a href="http://rtc.sfsu.edu/">RTC-SFSU</a>). Every group benefits independently from the use of the research vessel, gathering data from otherwise unaccessible waters without this great lab at sea, but they all benefit cooperatively by the sharing and comparing of data.<br />
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One of the complimentary groups that is adding to the overarching goal of this sea-faring excursion is <a href="http://www.noaa.gov/">NOAA</a> (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Through the leadership of Dr. Vera Trainer, who I will be writing a post about specifically later, NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center has partnered with Dr. Cochlan and San Francisco University's Romberg Tiburon Center for years to collaborate and present the most honest picture of the ocean's "pulse." As teachers, we strive for interdisciplinary, even integrated, connections, and here at sea, this is best example that I have seen. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kathryn Ferguson and Brian Bill hard at work. </td></tr>
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Brian Bill, the research associate for NOAA-NWFSC, has been working diligently day and night with the team and on his own, using equipment foreign to me, analyzing the assemblage and health of the phytoplankton communities throughout our sampling sites. His focus has been on methods that reveal the taxonomy of organisms, classifying the autophototrophs (photosynthesizing organisms) and analyzing the production of <a href="http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/">domoic acid</a> by harmful species. The question that he and NOAA-NWFSC is trying to answer is: Do the toxin levels in phytoplankton increase with lower pH (higher acidity levels) of the ocean? </div>
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Brian has been working for NOAA since a biology undergrad at UW (pronounced "u-dub" by those that go there) in Seattle. From the area, Tacoma, Washington, Brian continued his work with NOAA as he began and completed his master's degree in marine biology at SFSU with Dr. Cochlan. After his master's degree, his title became oceanographer with NOAA, a fantastic career that few chose and fewer attain.</div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGRg0wfxLPJPQWjmp9oxpooXqJNyCR6ROnFfuVJLCDA2SvYfzvb8jQNOWvNnFVo-r0UddxfkBZL-s6o9Ki5M7mBfZ6FsyQT3uk-AXuHYAZshOVD5f0GDGbdU3uwR5S665Uwznxi5B3p-dJ/s1600/Kathryn.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGRg0wfxLPJPQWjmp9oxpooXqJNyCR6ROnFfuVJLCDA2SvYfzvb8jQNOWvNnFVo-r0UddxfkBZL-s6o9Ki5M7mBfZ6FsyQT3uk-AXuHYAZshOVD5f0GDGbdU3uwR5S665Uwznxi5B3p-dJ/s1600/Kathryn.JPG" height="297" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">Kathryn Ferguson, Hollings Scholar, FSU/NOAA-NWFSC</td></tr>
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Kathryn Ferguson, 21, has been assisting Brian. She's an intern for the summer with NOAA and will be staying in Seattle to work. Kathryn, or "Sunshine," as she's known on board for her contagious smile, is a prestigious Hollings scholar from Florida State University. Originally from Maryland, she now makes Orlando her home (in the "Sunshine State"). </div>
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Brian and Kathryn have been physically counting the "general abundance" of phytoplankton and identifying the types that are present with each water sample. They use a technique that concentrates the phytoplankton through a sieve allowing them to see as many as possible in a small volume of water. The most common genera in their samples so far have been: <i>Chaetoceros</i> and <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i>. Both of these can be harmful species of diatoms. The former sometimes kills fish; and the latter produces the poison, <a href="http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/">domoic acid</a>. </div>
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Remember that in the food web it's all connected. Phytoplankton produce their own food as autophototrophs, but they also produce lipids (think Omega-3) and toxins, such as domoic acid. These cannot be produced by any other source. As zooplankton, such as krill, eat the phytoplankton, they gain the nutrients as well as the lipids and toxins. Then the predators eat the zooplankton and all that is within them. So, just like the omega-3 lipids that are transferred to us when we eat fish, the domoic acid is transferred and accumulates in our bodies, causing sickness and even death. ASP, amnesic shellfish poisoning, is named because of the attack on the nervous system that causes temporary memory loss. It's a scary thought because the fish and shellfish are unaffected; it's us consumers that pay the price.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbAsgbomcnwxe9ZdGqNg5JzbcirvxAyyRRnvNrI_QO7wPQZcAB10T_x-bkd3FJ0uKlP3t338fMQlFKmTAm8PNQHnM68GB1kl0_a5eJFmTbFLAAhGAHkA-zkfP4S0TPRR8T_ybzSMYAzDcK/s1600/chaetoceros.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbAsgbomcnwxe9ZdGqNg5JzbcirvxAyyRRnvNrI_QO7wPQZcAB10T_x-bkd3FJ0uKlP3t338fMQlFKmTAm8PNQHnM68GB1kl0_a5eJFmTbFLAAhGAHkA-zkfP4S0TPRR8T_ybzSMYAzDcK/s1600/chaetoceros.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><i>Chaetoceros</i></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbAsgbomcnwxe9ZdGqNg5JzbcirvxAyyRRnvNrI_QO7wPQZcAB10T_x-bkd3FJ0uKlP3t338fMQlFKmTAm8PNQHnM68GB1kl0_a5eJFmTbFLAAhGAHkA-zkfP4S0TPRR8T_ybzSMYAzDcK/s1600/chaetoceros.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>
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Dr. Vera Trainer, Brian Bill and Kathryn Ferguson are playing a huge role in the determination of toxic content in the communities that we are analyzing. Finding these two phytoplankton types, <i>Chaetoceros</i> and <i>Pseudo-nitzschia</i>, in the greatest abundance in our samples is not a good sign. </div>
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After finding these two harmful organisms in abundance, Brian goes to work analyzing the amount of domoic acid present in their cells. He uses a tool to detect toxic activity called ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Assay). He creates a standard curve with an expensive plate and machine that measures the optical density or color of the reaction on the special plate. Because this is a competition reaction, the more color, the less domoic acid. These plates are showing a lighter blue which means that the amount of domoic acid is high. </div>
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NOAA-Northwest Fisheries Science Center works hard daily to analyze the waters, to communicate with fisheries, and to create public awareness programs for toxins such as domoic acid as well as harmful algae blooms which both may be increased by the lowering pH of the ocean. But, we don't know that yet, which is why we are here.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtedpWlpVgtclG-LFyXfBM6iank9xPSObIb5TPYBqPCSqpoDXZqe1L_fWRWYgiUcR2W011cb1kERZfl3TfQLsYNdv0OZrliq9elaAPuqXs315ore9ZX2avKfRI_8YOL1UrBKl6tTwr9d5b/s1600/IMG_0585.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtedpWlpVgtclG-LFyXfBM6iank9xPSObIb5TPYBqPCSqpoDXZqe1L_fWRWYgiUcR2W011cb1kERZfl3TfQLsYNdv0OZrliq9elaAPuqXs315ore9ZX2avKfRI_8YOL1UrBKl6tTwr9d5b/s1600/IMG_0585.JPG" height="220" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These are the samples before the diluted hydrochloric<br />
acid (HCl) is added to each.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIl4B2uMfxHeS6uy5QerdCh9AfyQ__WoS3WDrECKJddVXhjEe0ird16rKpKHefpz9rNRxHKsfnldSgjeGnMDTBQWYqHQVqffMcWqdJ7NIrt05zyMSuZECZ_DZAeUiPzpO6cZ7ji5OObsg0/s1600/IMG_0583.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIl4B2uMfxHeS6uy5QerdCh9AfyQ__WoS3WDrECKJddVXhjEe0ird16rKpKHefpz9rNRxHKsfnldSgjeGnMDTBQWYqHQVqffMcWqdJ7NIrt05zyMSuZECZ_DZAeUiPzpO6cZ7ji5OObsg0/s1600/IMG_0583.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brian uses this special pipette to add 0.1mL to each sample.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAejsDlC7T6j5RHGg0ISfTmSH5npZzuzJGDrqBiLW_zBY9vZa7e0W6urb9p2voNnFWMhzzN1DEhaeLvqbbV7vyBG9lDQf-K3yDIfuH2f_VQpAkbxLCgtGCFsEXBmRGFzOMuIZXrGAKwfRP/s1600/IMG_0582.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAejsDlC7T6j5RHGg0ISfTmSH5npZzuzJGDrqBiLW_zBY9vZa7e0W6urb9p2voNnFWMhzzN1DEhaeLvqbbV7vyBG9lDQf-K3yDIfuH2f_VQpAkbxLCgtGCFsEXBmRGFzOMuIZXrGAKwfRP/s1600/IMG_0582.JPG" height="225" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After the HCl (diluted hydrochloric acid) is added,<br />
the samples change colors (indication of chemical change).<br />
The lighter blue or clearer indicates high amounts of<br />
domoic acid. This one is off the charts.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS99W26lH1UmpGBxIbI_AW9PCYjTFkVGkVcsQQIB6C5hV7p8yiNaMPCewSWOFycFceaBvuG-OX_N_AZNWE8H1ZV9lGXZJVkXWqlbNZPmJtQjo220JzpqERa3W2BE2WYuleUomIIRbfaWDL/s1600/IMG_0586.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS99W26lH1UmpGBxIbI_AW9PCYjTFkVGkVcsQQIB6C5hV7p8yiNaMPCewSWOFycFceaBvuG-OX_N_AZNWE8H1ZV9lGXZJVkXWqlbNZPmJtQjo220JzpqERa3W2BE2WYuleUomIIRbfaWDL/s1600/IMG_0586.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The plate goes into machine that reads the optical density of each sample.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyoJixOeRQnHMAXrcuo8CfV5IZd9nLUadZmSgawsTRt5agSFPX_wU6BXqlhSBqZlDkavMo1Xbezn18pncifEAI2MVmcQ8y75VyZPMj5UZZW6rOOsogzytgc3ac3xGFsP-u-v3tTEPlXclL/s1600/IMG_0587.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyoJixOeRQnHMAXrcuo8CfV5IZd9nLUadZmSgawsTRt5agSFPX_wU6BXqlhSBqZlDkavMo1Xbezn18pncifEAI2MVmcQ8y75VyZPMj5UZZW6rOOsogzytgc3ac3xGFsP-u-v3tTEPlXclL/s1600/IMG_0587.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Analysis of the plate gives Brian the standard curve.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWvP-UNgDzfQ51IjZb8ioOGZDc4uiAHvdgG9_j3wdygSk_KB1eypsG1IOb42tRIhIHLJJgbbG-Q2ud1g7v8tX2UfdE340Zv95b41k0Fh3gEunhgnw0KZwmuNIYYpPzvj5tpSwIVJe2gfg/s1600/IMG_0608.mov" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWvP-UNgDzfQ51IjZb8ioOGZDc4uiAHvdgG9_j3wdygSk_KB1eypsG1IOb42tRIhIHLJJgbbG-Q2ud1g7v8tX2UfdE340Zv95b41k0Fh3gEunhgnw0KZwmuNIYYpPzvj5tpSwIVJe2gfg/s1600/IMG_0608.mov" height="320" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Making a plate for domoic acid analysis</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-xeVOIiRGjEzfrEW8KbDglTVrRQsMBbFlcZgcleA7jokYxyseKZs7kPLAGIon0Ko7_BRKv8v0sjBeDnJwHhgV02I3MB3hM2-p1OLkBvCZFobp3Id7Ox_H4NejnDzrdsOuwT_MexenD4N/s1600/IMG_4686.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-xeVOIiRGjEzfrEW8KbDglTVrRQsMBbFlcZgcleA7jokYxyseKZs7kPLAGIon0Ko7_BRKv8v0sjBeDnJwHhgV02I3MB3hM2-p1OLkBvCZFobp3Id7Ox_H4NejnDzrdsOuwT_MexenD4N/s1600/IMG_4686.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Standard curve used to determine <br />
production of domoic acid.</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJUu3wunKEJiojiv-N591zByY7s6Y2ks8f8bBJV2Op88nlDpswasLI5C4nGLym0bXVYOURGCvN6Ei1J06Tr7LePf64jECkIxaWhaJ3ABsMbLhxKdhyphenhyphennnUniT6MGAXU2eaX5tn9ItrvTXi/s1600/IMG_4707.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioJUu3wunKEJiojiv-N591zByY7s6Y2ks8f8bBJV2Op88nlDpswasLI5C4nGLym0bXVYOURGCvN6Ei1J06Tr7LePf64jECkIxaWhaJ3ABsMbLhxKdhyphenhyphennnUniT6MGAXU2eaX5tn9ItrvTXi/s1600/IMG_4707.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">For quick analysis of the general<br />
abundance, a phytoplankton net tow is<br />
used to make collections.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT3gwnMNDTDfq2r0VL2fb-lwNGj8imfBrKsinc_f7tD8vL-G4cyclVrPDsG-a7cfyMvtvmz9X8ixUWYczljME9B4w1NpEGBV2pg2lAcM4WwzjiwqWMMeJXAx0CTTktDSx4BgVFirFnrVoN/s1600/IMG_4709.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT3gwnMNDTDfq2r0VL2fb-lwNGj8imfBrKsinc_f7tD8vL-G4cyclVrPDsG-a7cfyMvtvmz9X8ixUWYczljME9B4w1NpEGBV2pg2lAcM4WwzjiwqWMMeJXAx0CTTktDSx4BgVFirFnrVoN/s1600/IMG_4709.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUHj6Y8OBmlqjQ89RhTULDg82Rin-ZMXsi_n4K8JKoIO6AoUz5ty5lNzsgFITV4fjE7Igr-TCHkTySi7gPR-8l_NNMRq0j6KTgIUOX0sXhuA9XMjB3nGnkhsXi-TPLjvTuip0K7Oso1KG/s1600/IMG_4710.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUHj6Y8OBmlqjQ89RhTULDg82Rin-ZMXsi_n4K8JKoIO6AoUz5ty5lNzsgFITV4fjE7Igr-TCHkTySi7gPR-8l_NNMRq0j6KTgIUOX0sXhuA9XMjB3nGnkhsXi-TPLjvTuip0K7Oso1KG/s1600/IMG_4710.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a><br />
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<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-52295128169455011872014-05-27T12:19:00.001-07:002014-05-27T12:19:18.823-07:00The Bridge<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjph26DMCjOTLr1-tYA839qq5uFH4nFICXwoelmarkKQRQ3-WjtMFYq4xRuitaGVNdO8Uxnp5qfrUb8MlCWmA1Qz46d6_M2LHgDI2wiNzmI1fR2p24mwF8pk1tTEwGX6Nu9qap4E5wsCSPl/s1600/IMG_0566.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjph26DMCjOTLr1-tYA839qq5uFH4nFICXwoelmarkKQRQ3-WjtMFYq4xRuitaGVNdO8Uxnp5qfrUb8MlCWmA1Qz46d6_M2LHgDI2wiNzmI1fR2p24mwF8pk1tTEwGX6Nu9qap4E5wsCSPl/s1600/IMG_0566.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the bow <br />
(front) of ship;<br />
whales observed ahead.</td></tr>
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After inspecting the inner-workings of this "Salty Ship" (twitter: @saltyship), it seemed only fitting to continue my exploration above deck. On the highest point, minus the "crow's nest," there is a room that they call the bridge. The bridge is the pilothouse, where the captain controls the movement of the ship. On this vessel, it is quite open for us to enjoy the majestic views through the windows that stretch 180° around the bow of the ship. While I was there blue whales were diving with their grand tails breaking the surface before slowly descending below. Pretty cool.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBHlsEZ37i52PsNmBuaU1d7Qpn3o2gNUDX7du0AWb-D8qGvMrGHHStN04MB9jVoIDMtZv0bcOztSG1I1c0J81rNODAtfARc6S1cvGasTG0faVsGjlQ2HT39VlUb2DOTDpctoiXWV-gEzf/s1600/IMG_0570.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtBHlsEZ37i52PsNmBuaU1d7Qpn3o2gNUDX7du0AWb-D8qGvMrGHHStN04MB9jVoIDMtZv0bcOztSG1I1c0J81rNODAtfARc6S1cvGasTG0faVsGjlQ2HT39VlUb2DOTDpctoiXWV-gEzf/s1600/IMG_0570.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the aft (back) of ship;<br />
for scale, the "A-frame" where we <br />
deploy the CTD is hanging<br />
out over the water.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Three crew members and the captain are responsible for the navigation and movement of the ship. Twenty-four hours a day, there is at least one person standing watch. Each mate takes two four hour shifts. The "mid-watch," for example, is on the bridge from 12 until 4, both AM and PM (00-0400 and 1200-1600). Along with the captain's mates, there is an "A/B" on duty as well. The "able bodied seaman" helps the mate keep watch during the same shifts.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGlVhS7fHjmSdfFtxXJirDLw4x9gbvpi8Ez3MSKLXj2ge1-xujYa7pARNX6N-wLyzpPnkhnabl-ZI5vt-mq4sR6B2fNlwCg4T1Z5mB021f6HO5NFCJQJ5iLxVSCjqKsdKV_Qv8HznpSLE/s1600/IMG_0536.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGlVhS7fHjmSdfFtxXJirDLw4x9gbvpi8Ez3MSKLXj2ge1-xujYa7pARNX6N-wLyzpPnkhnabl-ZI5vt-mq4sR6B2fNlwCg4T1Z5mB021f6HO5NFCJQJ5iLxVSCjqKsdKV_Qv8HznpSLE/s1600/IMG_0536.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pat Redmond, 3rd mate,<br />
enters weather data.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Patrick Redmond, 32, is the 3rd mate. From New Jersey, he decided to attend SUNY Maritime Academy in New York, before joining the NOAA Corp (one of the lesser known of the seven uniformed services in the U.S. with 300 officers that specializes in the sciences at sea). After his training and commitment there, he worked on some of the big tankers (Holland Oil), but as I have heard over and over, he much preferred the research vessels for the interesting science, the new people to meet, and the cool places that they go. Tankers and cruise liners take the same route over and over while these research vessels go absolutely everywhere. His favorites have been Fiji and Iceland so far, but it is still early in his career. Pat showed me how they report the weather back to NOAA every six hours. Every ship is encouraged to do the same; that way there is a report from all areas that can be used to match satellite data as well as provide weather information to others at sea. Today, the air temperature is 14°C, fair with a light wind--beautiful day and the best weather that we've seen so far.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuknAss98SLY4SJBQaL7Kla3L_ouReU07GyEwZ1Bb9EoSq1KD4WR7jVVGedgfwkuADbjQ0Y9-qQC1eSeerdtXgrNTb7Lm9tzg39BI0hzrtmvacbD62Aum6RpFun6Iu8Q1_gfP0ycR7OU4t/s1600/IMG_0561.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuknAss98SLY4SJBQaL7Kla3L_ouReU07GyEwZ1Bb9EoSq1KD4WR7jVVGedgfwkuADbjQ0Y9-qQC1eSeerdtXgrNTb7Lm9tzg39BI0hzrtmvacbD62Aum6RpFun6Iu8Q1_gfP0ycR7OU4t/s1600/IMG_0561.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dynamic Positioning (DP) controls</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO2iwCpcEPYaxPmeRj5sW-oGQJhj_LqL6JtWO3Z-a34Z2lDSspErhIKDbDyFUfzodkAbtMJxNLLQNDPRFmCzenkGtyKJmhnPaACF_bCEocRn4LK6hkDirulTE1hMWAsW05JIwVp3D7Xc0m/s1600/IMG_0563.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO2iwCpcEPYaxPmeRj5sW-oGQJhj_LqL6JtWO3Z-a34Z2lDSspErhIKDbDyFUfzodkAbtMJxNLLQNDPRFmCzenkGtyKJmhnPaACF_bCEocRn4LK6hkDirulTE1hMWAsW05JIwVp3D7Xc0m/s1600/IMG_0563.JPG" height="200" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Periodic checks are part of<br />
protocol.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRbhJnGQvcNqsF7hXE8j8MRq5UFx5G8UHTEqQJ0Jjq0knAhJOAT06rw7cymt4fnwTdE_gdAy_ZLbtabtQh-E_OU45Dxstsfpy3IKWPpKnNS4hL4hlIdZ7yNqJvCDXxKt0NwHkn8sKC4brl/s1600/IMG_0564.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRbhJnGQvcNqsF7hXE8j8MRq5UFx5G8UHTEqQJ0Jjq0knAhJOAT06rw7cymt4fnwTdE_gdAy_ZLbtabtQh-E_OU45Dxstsfpy3IKWPpKnNS4hL4hlIdZ7yNqJvCDXxKt0NwHkn8sKC4brl/s1600/IMG_0564.JPG" height="200" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These are only a few of the flags on board; as R/V Melville pulls into a port, they must display the US flag as well as the flag of the foreign country's port. As a research vessel, it goes all over the world; therefore, every country's flag is on board. <br />
That's a lot of flags! </td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP_qP28GZDAS-22zQCUK7Ae916CEWjN_CU8344vR9CJ5lfBp4J4hfVPMfW0cvGdcqrMgSotWEEbVtOrE0mBzkyCF8BQQliP-C4KWbI9sURCUY8rMIIAAdb1bAeYh8axCw5BMw7_433WSb/s1600/IMG_0567.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYP_qP28GZDAS-22zQCUK7Ae916CEWjN_CU8344vR9CJ5lfBp4J4hfVPMfW0cvGdcqrMgSotWEEbVtOrE0mBzkyCF8BQQliP-C4KWbI9sURCUY8rMIIAAdb1bAeYh8axCw5BMw7_433WSb/s1600/IMG_0567.JPG" height="320" width="288" /></a>Next in command, the 2nd mate has separate duties which include the voyage planning, the charts, and the extensive logbook; we can think of the 2nd mate as the navigator. Heather Galiher loves this role. She has been 2nd mate on the Melville since 2009 and literally seen the world. She showed me pictures of Patagonia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, India, and others. Since 2004, Heather, 33, has moved through the ranks from A/B to 3rd mate to now 2nd mate and will be taking tests soon to earn her 1st mate certification. Heather showed me some of the cool features of the ship.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">Quick question: 2,516 tons of ship sits only 15.5 feet below the water. How?</span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir-VQuwHMJQibU678mUbP754yH6Jwqh-1caB93MCIvsSxk5DHTyIQu1vRA0leWIiBSXPTBzc6NMF-OvB4WLz8MaZUgj1hwF7m5MMBtnFwelJA58VNXeKKOQGMfpO5aDSFILo-F9_qPJ_rd/s1600/IMG_0560.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir-VQuwHMJQibU678mUbP754yH6Jwqh-1caB93MCIvsSxk5DHTyIQu1vRA0leWIiBSXPTBzc6NMF-OvB4WLz8MaZUgj1hwF7m5MMBtnFwelJA58VNXeKKOQGMfpO5aDSFILo-F9_qPJ_rd/s1600/IMG_0560.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heather Galiher, 2nd mate, takes detailed notes of<br />
every action on board.</td></tr>
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In the engine room, I saw similar controls, four huge diesel generators, and the Z-drive motors to the thrusters. On the bridge, I see how these are controlled. I'm amazed. There are four different ways to control the vessel: manual, auto pilot, auto track, and DP or dynamic positioning. Manual is simply giving full control to the pilot with joysticks like a video game. Auto pilot is just that. You can set a course and let it go at that same speed and heading (direction). Auto track is like auto pilot but makes adjustments along the way, following a predetermined pathway on the computer. Dynamic positioning, DP, is the most sophisticated. It can use all three thrusters to stay within three meters of a predetermined pathway or just sit in one place. Using three GPS satellites to triangulate our exact location, DP calculates in real-time the current and the wind and makes adjustments immediately. It does what no person would be able to do, turning all three thrusters independently 360° to stay in one place. This is super important for research groups that want a core sample from one place, but it is not as necessary for us since we are moving slowly in an area to sample with our three methods.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZcYmBs6EkoBKCkVBR9_La-1BpVAk2ue3hIs8nLQB-RTYLYfva1DxUuM_8RSui33p7rD1V-M_1p3NACR19JhyphenhyphenezBqc4hMzYZ6FGMJ6XimFt3cU8JwmXiVLy1FCVFni2z7qrBURv9J3X8Qr/s1600/IMG_0562.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZcYmBs6EkoBKCkVBR9_La-1BpVAk2ue3hIs8nLQB-RTYLYfva1DxUuM_8RSui33p7rD1V-M_1p3NACR19JhyphenhyphenezBqc4hMzYZ6FGMJ6XimFt3cU8JwmXiVLy1FCVFni2z7qrBURv9J3X8Qr/s1600/IMG_0562.JPG" height="200" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Motion detector to prevent the<br />
bridge from ever being unmanned</td></tr>
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Heather showed off some of the other cool features as well. The Melville like other ships this size have controls on either wing as well as in the middle. The starboard (right) wing controls will be used when the captain goes to dock in port so that he can see directly below and all along the side, controlling it all manually at that point.<br />
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Another cool feature is the AIS or auto identification system. The AIS identified a 150m vessel 15.8 miles away that we could not see, but we knew was there because of the monitoring system. The system also told us the ship's name, it's heading, it's type, and speed. "The important number to look at," Heather said, "is the CPA." CPA stands for closest point of approach which means if nothing changes, this is when we would collide. "We don't want that number to be zero," she added.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">Quick question: We started with 143, 453 gallons of marine diesel. As of today, we are using an average of 1,413 gallons a day. At this rate, how many days could we stay at sea?</span></blockquote>
Security on the bridge is lax but only compared to other types of vessels, since we are all science researchers and not carrying containers of materials. There are coded locks on the doors to the bridge, cameras all over the ship, and details of what to do in any emergency, including pirates coming aboard. We have emergency drills and follow protocols mandated by the federal government and Scripps for all of their fleet at sea. One of the security measures that is in many pilothouses now is the motion sensors that will sound an alarm if there isn't movement in the bridge for twelve minutes. No movement, the alarm will sound in the captain's chambers and the mess deck, so there is no sleeping while on watch!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGDfFOiuPgoEDeQRmkLTGdQaA38aY2CcCPI1YoHh1UQbt6dcZpTOsTiw3uwex4CUKMNhbWuOdflBldmQkRDHJ0ggWqlgB6aDmLg3AwNpZg9jPoJAie46FGtrpFJTiwOMdeG3r2Icx0-bo/s1600/IMG_0590.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGDfFOiuPgoEDeQRmkLTGdQaA38aY2CcCPI1YoHh1UQbt6dcZpTOsTiw3uwex4CUKMNhbWuOdflBldmQkRDHJ0ggWqlgB6aDmLg3AwNpZg9jPoJAie46FGtrpFJTiwOMdeG3r2Icx0-bo/s1600/IMG_0590.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Jeskevicius, 1st mate on the bridge</td></tr>
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The 1st mate, John Jeskevicius, started his career sailing yachts in 1969. As an early computer engineer that worked on the first computers for NASA, he was very successful, bought a yacht, but then needed to learn how to sail it. So, he spent a summer learning, before joining the Coast Guard and getting a job as a captain of ships that look for seismic activity for oil companies. Now, he continues to work at sea, radically different than the computer engineering career that he started.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiv-Dw9hX86NzLlWNXv1FndREerlX-VETGsglE2SoECbn_ulWkPrsh5uY6SGHlZ4go6Ie7KWoPYAVEsEHDpI0TFHbZqBObPtG0FGJ1ioJk1k9ezQZXh4ZX1ZRuab1VDE7Kw8HdDw40UgNJ/s1600/IMG_0594.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiv-Dw9hX86NzLlWNXv1FndREerlX-VETGsglE2SoECbn_ulWkPrsh5uY6SGHlZ4go6Ie7KWoPYAVEsEHDpI0TFHbZqBObPtG0FGJ1ioJk1k9ezQZXh4ZX1ZRuab1VDE7Kw8HdDw40UgNJ/s1600/IMG_0594.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Captain Wes Hill shows me the route through the locks to Seattle.</td></tr>
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It seems that the saltwater gets into your veins, causing men (and women) to make career choices that last a lifetime. As a single person, I get it; as a married man with four children, there's no way.<br />
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Captain Wes Hill, like others that have been doing this a while, shucks aside the feat of working at sea for this long. Twenty-four of his twenty-eight years as a sailor have been with Scripps. Born and raised in the Appalachians of Pennsylvania, Captain Hill attended the Merchant Marine Academy in Kingsport, NY and began as a 3rd mate after graduation. Now, nearly three decades later, Captain continues to set sail. <span style="font-size: large;">There is definitely something in the saltwater. Maybe it's all the phyto's that we're studying... </span>Or, maybe it's the fact that after all of these years at sea, Captain Wes Hill still enters a new port every year. This year, it's the Ballard Locks as we make our way through all the draw bridges and channels to dock in Seattle.<br />
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<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-72339642027555739502014-05-25T19:19:00.002-07:002014-05-25T19:19:47.952-07:00The Belly of the Salty Ship<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjumGP525dLPzSWLcD4SpUDf20tBLzQc1w_xgKF0dnrlBuCN-1wWSTZJP9LroY4bFJ0fBwv7cPebtdGPuBSW_lfc37xWG0uQLgkth2aY4NmyQ29bfZ9V5X8LX1jVcZev5hTv8ENA8Rxe8xF/s1600/IMG_0506.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjumGP525dLPzSWLcD4SpUDf20tBLzQc1w_xgKF0dnrlBuCN-1wWSTZJP9LroY4bFJ0fBwv7cPebtdGPuBSW_lfc37xWG0uQLgkth2aY4NmyQ29bfZ9V5X8LX1jVcZev5hTv8ENA8Rxe8xF/s1600/IMG_0506.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Controls for emergencies such as fire alarm</td></tr>
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With a ship this size, simple maneuvers take a long time. We have been staying within a small area everyday to send down our casts, sampling with the CTD, the Go Flo, and "the Fish." This ship is quite unique in its propulsion, so much so that it was featured in the movie "King Kong" in 1976. It's monster props (thrusters) can turn a full 360°, allowing it to move sideways in the water to stay on a station for scientific purposes. This vessel was launched July 10, 1968 and will be retiring this year after only 3 more excursions. Therefore, this is my only opportunity to see firsthand the engines that power such a historical beast.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhawraM928T8vJmpGNY37OZ-ltoMnsMaeyogjmmet_hJTxuHUfvpWKMxtSywliZrX3120BYC8h3x0xv9l9RKqpRSpwqRvQ8t9P-QGDAG5kxTdUQtRVfosy_4qbsYUv2xI1N0ivKKhThPBkn/s1600/IMG_0504.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhawraM928T8vJmpGNY37OZ-ltoMnsMaeyogjmmet_hJTxuHUfvpWKMxtSywliZrX3120BYC8h3x0xv9l9RKqpRSpwqRvQ8t9P-QGDAG5kxTdUQtRVfosy_4qbsYUv2xI1N0ivKKhThPBkn/s1600/IMG_0504.JPG" height="238" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Engine control room</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix2lpyYTVoIiwLsZfwmjX-I5IvUFAszarKSQzJPgRobWji8XTWSQodNQRTLBoGF6wDM3DpGQddOqtM_yPVWi7nRuAhOeIrEMA4QWEj3RF39xhHSJflKU3gLFz2dq8GoVaOvhdlMl9smJx1/s1600/IMG_0505.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix2lpyYTVoIiwLsZfwmjX-I5IvUFAszarKSQzJPgRobWji8XTWSQodNQRTLBoGF6wDM3DpGQddOqtM_yPVWi7nRuAhOeIrEMA4QWEj3RF39xhHSJflKU3gLFz2dq8GoVaOvhdlMl9smJx1/s1600/IMG_0505.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Override controls for thrusters</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyDXawRWYpFD3_xAsH5jYuvYQkRAR8h5KWtO175lxpmuFX72Z39RV_R6pYBTZxYjqGsErrzrftBbaZkPnyhkkuTSJ5tu0dtQXY3dE97WD2sDsj2ll9T1MCqUZpyRABxU9heb2yshDzFTqn/s1600/IMG_0510.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyDXawRWYpFD3_xAsH5jYuvYQkRAR8h5KWtO175lxpmuFX72Z39RV_R6pYBTZxYjqGsErrzrftBbaZkPnyhkkuTSJ5tu0dtQXY3dE97WD2sDsj2ll9T1MCqUZpyRABxU9heb2yshDzFTqn/s1600/IMG_0510.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Caterpillar diesel engine generator fills the room; <br />ear protection required</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0zUOpu_xP-MYcrEYNTo4b9yJI2y7kFkxkz2Ch4PHmmVlzVHY4E7PVebOeG6sIL0mbpvhE9xfJgY0RztUiEvmaT2SjG0FZgkjQv2IFPY0q4v8Ig-s6D-K-Wi1ROmPC9mrVGnolPe-rJgw0/s1600/IMG_0527.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0zUOpu_xP-MYcrEYNTo4b9yJI2y7kFkxkz2Ch4PHmmVlzVHY4E7PVebOeG6sIL0mbpvhE9xfJgY0RztUiEvmaT2SjG0FZgkjQv2IFPY0q4v8Ig-s6D-K-Wi1ROmPC9mrVGnolPe-rJgw0/s1600/IMG_0527.JPG" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sue Swader, 3rd asst. engineer and Dane Wheaton, oiler<br />clean the filter--Look at all that krill! These zooplankton<br />fed off of the phytoplankton that we are studying. </td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4hyVTj1aZ7TUnZ7J4Y8faOU8MdQrpnrAHV65uX5HxIZImuc_uu99BMI3mvRPXYcARTuJgTX6pNxaIla3gVFN0cv9CRVDqw2yoEWFzMWN7ml3JcPwPSGhHoDKQyL-_LMtwzM18FUR35DN5/s1600/IMG_0511.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4hyVTj1aZ7TUnZ7J4Y8faOU8MdQrpnrAHV65uX5HxIZImuc_uu99BMI3mvRPXYcARTuJgTX6pNxaIla3gVFN0cv9CRVDqw2yoEWFzMWN7ml3JcPwPSGhHoDKQyL-_LMtwzM18FUR35DN5/s1600/IMG_0511.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Space maximized by engineering</td></tr>
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Sue Swader agreed to give me a tour today. As a graduate of the California Maritime Academy and a native Californian from Ventura, she feels at home at sea. Sue is the 3rd assistant engineer and will be moving up to 2nd assistant on the next cruise. Each position on the crew has specific jobs that they are responsible for; she's over the oilers and other ordinary seamen and aspires to continue moving up the sailor ladder. At 28, she's well on her way.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTJdOfXVSH8dOzGZneFsl-cYUGLIpbTNFurIWwcZ493ahVUNxlTIxqLSDI3JxrfLFg6TTUFkNzpZc6u0ZPc-NbUzPuxQAhKxE-sldmDmZ4WrD7F8YawRTebqrhwCyBleCYIKcikefrvQR7/s1600/IMG_0517.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTJdOfXVSH8dOzGZneFsl-cYUGLIpbTNFurIWwcZ493ahVUNxlTIxqLSDI3JxrfLFg6TTUFkNzpZc6u0ZPc-NbUzPuxQAhKxE-sldmDmZ4WrD7F8YawRTebqrhwCyBleCYIKcikefrvQR7/s1600/IMG_0517.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Electric-powered motor provides <br />a smoother, quieter ride</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Her department is responsible for the massive engines and motors as well as the water intake and sewage system on board. It is hard to describe just how big and loud these marvels of engineering are to scale. The entire lower deck (floor) of the nearly 300 foot ship is fitted wall to wall with steel pipes and moving gears. Sue showed me the controls where she spends most of her time. It is very much like the controls on the bridge (pilot's house) which I will write a post on later. In case of emergency, there is a backup plan for a backup plan. For example: if the Captain lost abilities to control the ship, the engineers below could take the controls. If those controls went out as well, they could manually control the engines and props directly. This hasn't happened on the R/V Melville. In fact, these engines are so well maintained that they haven't had to work on them in transit before.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFLIX_VPcORmEL7hhMNK7ui6SfqSGCAVa-A7SsH16P03M1zN_A8qkFgBmQWIs9hdDQo96azjzHSIdOnGdPjRgz7CieaAkCxPfal4h2DsEfSXLaEegzRxMLwvz0QQcKoCbHF4LlIfEbxWfQ/s1600/IMG_0519.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFLIX_VPcORmEL7hhMNK7ui6SfqSGCAVa-A7SsH16P03M1zN_A8qkFgBmQWIs9hdDQo96azjzHSIdOnGdPjRgz7CieaAkCxPfal4h2DsEfSXLaEegzRxMLwvz0QQcKoCbHF4LlIfEbxWfQ/s1600/IMG_0519.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Electric motor connected to thruster</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy7cYS8SE9isZSlO1gpyzI-vtNJ-0mhuOQ_8ACWeXaqCjEPTcikHrSKb5HBl-haCh7soDBGcI_2A-QgsaKDGH6i2slbabqj4ihVck_iUu9_hB_zWGHI9C6b9Vj9yoAONbvZnxtVx6GwSmX/s1600/IMG_0513.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy7cYS8SE9isZSlO1gpyzI-vtNJ-0mhuOQ_8ACWeXaqCjEPTcikHrSKb5HBl-haCh7soDBGcI_2A-QgsaKDGH6i2slbabqj4ihVck_iUu9_hB_zWGHI9C6b9Vj9yoAONbvZnxtVx6GwSmX/s1600/IMG_0513.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two of four diesel engines, side by side</td></tr>
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There are four diesel Caterpillars, three large and one smaller. When I say smaller, it is definitely relative. The Fleetwood RV that I drove last summer had 400 horsepower off of one Caterpillar diesel engine, powering the 50 plus feet of motorhome and Jeep Grand Cherokee in tow. These bad boys produce 1,385 horsepower. Each.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: large;">And, the coolest part is that these diesel Cats are just the generators for electricity. </span></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtgXri4F4cYxxkTHMYDJTENJwE9Cq9Jwcc12ryhh2bJtwAAvzG32vIhmEj7oUc3kmY-jhA6OiZ7YG18mCh0VTZx-oobbDJmnUer2mhx6hzoPqhvCpvDpAswk6REHNseGkCB0FFEpPlxjc/s1600/IMG_0522.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtgXri4F4cYxxkTHMYDJTENJwE9Cq9Jwcc12ryhh2bJtwAAvzG32vIhmEj7oUc3kmY-jhA6OiZ7YG18mCh0VTZx-oobbDJmnUer2mhx6hzoPqhvCpvDpAswk6REHNseGkCB0FFEpPlxjc/s1600/IMG_0522.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Krill filtered from the water inlet</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUOPEhOweqQFy00pFS4RHbHDE622qgUZ6fQSkMZDy1ND6AOlCr94nihcUJ0KdWxflIsRz5l55mpD6jfvjO3-CXqf1cn1MoM2pJH6afDC7s-4YUxsKBSN501JfWKhViOw9i6KF8qEXSzwbX/s1600/IMG_0518.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUOPEhOweqQFy00pFS4RHbHDE622qgUZ6fQSkMZDy1ND6AOlCr94nihcUJ0KdWxflIsRz5l55mpD6jfvjO3-CXqf1cn1MoM2pJH6afDC7s-4YUxsKBSN501JfWKhViOw9i6KF8qEXSzwbX/s1600/IMG_0518.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thrusters below the R/V Melville</td></tr>
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The generators produce electricity by turning a turbine within. Electromagnets around a massive coil of copper wire produce enough electricity to power the ship's electricity like a small city with superfluous energy for the electric powered "Z-Drive" motors in the bow (front) of the ship. The only connection between the engine generators and the electric motors is the large wires carrying the current. The electric motors power the ginormous thrusters hanging below the ship. These have the functionality to turn 360°.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">I'm amazed by the ingenuity of the vessel--and to think that it is being retired for a newer, more sophisticated machine. </span></blockquote>
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-48646116427976797632014-05-24T18:02:00.001-07:002014-05-24T21:03:31.529-07:00On a molecular level...<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">How well coordinated is this science research cruise?</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDV_-zRNLhBT5-X-t6Uboly87E1g-uUcMrsoh1BT6tt1MpmrsYjFUX6qciwVs1EISrcQVjTfIknvXhun57TGH147pmhA9lAwXNnzB1b7V0y1wQTkAJKQp7R4R58xlbaSxkhIQkJ1e0k3Vo/s1600/IMG_4681.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDV_-zRNLhBT5-X-t6Uboly87E1g-uUcMrsoh1BT6tt1MpmrsYjFUX6qciwVs1EISrcQVjTfIknvXhun57TGH147pmhA9lAwXNnzB1b7V0y1wQTkAJKQp7R4R58xlbaSxkhIQkJ1e0k3Vo/s1600/IMG_4681.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Bill Cochlan, RTC-SFSU, SciChi</td></tr>
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Our Chief Scientist and lead Principal Investigator, Dr. Bill Cochlan (RTC-SFSU) has put together an amazing team of scientists, students, and teachers with one overarching goal of analyzing the effects of oceanic acidification on the lipid (fats/oils) synthesis in the ocean's keystone organism, phytoplankton. As the foundation to the food web, phytoplankton, particularly diatoms, are extremely important to the quantity and quality of the entire web, leading to us the consumer. I will go more in-depth in a future post on Dr. Cochlan and his work, but until then, I will continue to focus on each of the specific experiments on board and the unique groups that delve into their particular research.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqKqirrTwNj_7DkUbxDFrwd3gAVdD3Wf4dXLH70XIUz49EFynI0wVblgxvtae7MithgjkHC2f77BBWfc0VSfWYBOcRNqCkJIJCLVwPO8nAfwkAQFIcfj6iBBL37AT3ElnL-FVbhIYh4NWZ/s1600/IMG_4673.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqKqirrTwNj_7DkUbxDFrwd3gAVdD3Wf4dXLH70XIUz49EFynI0wVblgxvtae7MithgjkHC2f77BBWfc0VSfWYBOcRNqCkJIJCLVwPO8nAfwkAQFIcfj6iBBL37AT3ElnL-FVbhIYh4NWZ/s1600/IMG_4673.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joselynn Wallace, URI</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgicF9EY15RSteDJKm_7_yhdo2Q1cbo4iKnmM8u5L2Fdf_gpvUDY0xHtIRzir6Tb8dvf6VMPn-S_6iay_7CqfKo-oO0M75P5JR-6kGhCI0L5GQAy_DGRoGxaCzsprTO5xeokIDVp3DiHszq/s1600/IMG_4577.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgicF9EY15RSteDJKm_7_yhdo2Q1cbo4iKnmM8u5L2Fdf_gpvUDY0xHtIRzir6Tb8dvf6VMPn-S_6iay_7CqfKo-oO0M75P5JR-6kGhCI0L5GQAy_DGRoGxaCzsprTO5xeokIDVp3DiHszq/s1600/IMG_4577.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joselynn Wallace, URI and<br />
Heather Richard, RTC-SFSU taking a break</td></tr>
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Joselynn Wallace and Laura Filliger traveled from the University of Rhode Island to gather samples at sea that will make their way back to the labs back on the East coast. Their advisor, Dr. Bethany Jenkins, in their Ph.D. program, Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), was unable to attend this cruise because she had just spent 65 days at sea earlier this year. So, she called on her two top students: Joselynn in her third year, Laura in her first.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggpSiOJBo9Po8cahswKPLqZiOh_UC_BtVPrSEbfqacloIa5QsekdANZG14WAH-Q3WM_k-J094HojDvzBKt1NJn3kiEegu38xGr9G2Jx7-I9uqrS8SM2QaHOpDMXrmkgzC-jb5F8xohEMW_/s1600/IMG_4677.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggpSiOJBo9Po8cahswKPLqZiOh_UC_BtVPrSEbfqacloIa5QsekdANZG14WAH-Q3WM_k-J094HojDvzBKt1NJn3kiEegu38xGr9G2Jx7-I9uqrS8SM2QaHOpDMXrmkgzC-jb5F8xohEMW_/s1600/IMG_4677.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Laura Filliger, URI<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Joselynn and Laura, fun on the fantail</td></tr>
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Joselynn is the veteran. This is her third stint at sea, researching phytoplankton and comparing data from each new area of the globe--it's research that matches her expertise: microbiology. Laura is the newby to this floating laboratory but is learning fast from Joselynn and seems right at home on the R/V Melville. Laura's learning curve is steep because she's sailing solo in November--three weeks to Antarctica! Together, they run their lab with precision and great care, all while keeping a positive attitude and adding to the "vibe" of this cohesive unit on board.<br />
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Their work is unique on board. They are the only ones researching the phytoplankton on a molecular level. All of the other focused experiments are physiological, which makes sense as a lab at sea. But, this goes to show the genius vision of the Chief Scientist, Dr. Cochlan; each of the labs are selected to shed new light on the ultimate mission of the research and the reason that it was funded. Like the layers of an onion, each separate experiment reveals more from another angle, allowing the scientists on board to compare data from different methods. This check and balance system pinpoints possible errors earlier as well as shedding new light, helping us to better understand what is exactly happening to the phytoplankton as the ocean's acidity level rises in nutrient-rich but iron impoverished areas--the direction of the global seas will one day be at our current rate.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioMyGakYgIYRfEQs-G16LQwVOItyAPqCLj6I1lSmXwslh7GiapGiXugRCCdY6EH6iXPbFocRPv2nDtcHjx2gcppWibSTZiQ_0XRtzukwXSdHvAkHeUznEvf4Q1bF1JJCugfqs6FnJGrbXF/s1600/IMG_4660.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioMyGakYgIYRfEQs-G16LQwVOItyAPqCLj6I1lSmXwslh7GiapGiXugRCCdY6EH6iXPbFocRPv2nDtcHjx2gcppWibSTZiQ_0XRtzukwXSdHvAkHeUznEvf4Q1bF1JJCugfqs6FnJGrbXF/s1600/IMG_4660.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">left to right: <br />
Hannah Glover, NOAA-PMEL<br />
Kit Angeloff, NOAA-PMEL<br />
Laura Filliger, URI</td></tr>
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These "gene jockeys," as Dr. Cochlan quips, are a valuable piece to the research puzzle. On a molecular level, Joselynn and Laura are researching a phytoplankton genus, <i>Thalassiosira</i>, that is found all over the earth's oceans from the sub-tropical to the polar regions and are "key players in all of those systems" (Wallace). By focusing on this universal genus with different species all over the world, they are able to compare the DNA and RNA from each of these communities. They use a filtering system similar to the one that Denis and I are using to extract chlorophyll to gather the biomass; then, they have the coolest step to any experiment on board. Literally. They use a dewar of liquid nitrogen, -321°F, -196°C, to flash freeze these samples, locking their genetic makeup until they are ready to extract the DNA and RNA in the lab back in Rhode Island. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Ho0bmtIg8MPVcgq1m5a6klFdICZG3Tzyn4QuNFTqdVIAafzz0wzV_Us5Q23V6opGrxtjGuJUt2rmrgXeqjV2KmbPHY5KffOw1sA1eWwWjOiTKWRqVm3Op4lREQWHfK16qV2y3R-bmMAN/s1600/IMG_4551.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Ho0bmtIg8MPVcgq1m5a6klFdICZG3Tzyn4QuNFTqdVIAafzz0wzV_Us5Q23V6opGrxtjGuJUt2rmrgXeqjV2KmbPHY5KffOw1sA1eWwWjOiTKWRqVm3Op4lREQWHfK16qV2y3R-bmMAN/s1600/IMG_4551.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dewar of liquid nitrogen, LN2</td></tr>
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According to these "gene jockeys," DNA differs from RNA in a similar way as a football team has starters and those on the bench, ready to come in and play when the conditions are right. The DNA is the whole team; the RNA is the actual players on the field. I think that they realized that a football analogy for me would be the best way to explain a very complex process; and it worked. Basically, DNA is all of the possible options, while RNA is that which is actually activated--the gene expression that is metabolically active. By comparing the RNA from different members of the same genus, they can see on a molecular level how the organism has adapted over generations to survive in different environments. Our focus here is on those that have been starved of sufficient iron (i.e. iron stressed). From Joselynn and Laura's current work and the past work of other molecular scientists, the RNA of coastal species is different than those in open ocean. Coastal regions are nutrient-rich; open ocean's have limited nutrients. The open-ocean species have adapted to become "iron scavengers," grabbing this necessary component for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation from every source possible. Coastal species would not survive in the open waters. Diatoms' ability to scavenge iron from different sources may change with seawater pH. Since they are the foundation of the marine food web, this information is critical for understanding how the ocean might respond to climate change and elevated carbon dioxide. All of this research is dependent on each other. I guess I could say that the chemistry of the science crew is just as important as the chemistry of the ocean. Joselynn, Laura, and the University of Rhode Island are integral part of this chemistry of thought and discovery. They will be able to compare their findings to those of the other teams onboard.<br />
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*I will be writing about Brian Bill, lead research associate for NOAA, and his taxonomy work of phytoplankton in an upcoming post with another on the complimentary work of Dr. Charles Trick and his team, using different methods to draw conclusions from the data independently before comparing.<br />
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<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-62534744845581817002014-05-23T19:10:00.001-07:002014-05-23T19:10:59.919-07:00Water Sampling: Go Flo <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CTD in front, Go Flo in hand on the table</td></tr>
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Everyday begins with a similar routine with workloads that depend on the amount of water that we are sampling. "It's like Groundhog Day," joked Dr. Wells this morning, "everyday seems like a repeat of the day before." I haven't felt quite like that yet since part of my job is to report something new to you everyday. I really enjoy the work of reporter on board; I get to know more about the people and the work that each person is doing which both are incredibly interesting to me. I'm on the team that deploys the CTD (see previous post and <a href="http://socalcostello.blogspot.com/">socalcostello.blogspot.com</a> for more info on that method). We "cast" the CTD twice, once at depths up to 200 meters with samples taken throughout the water column and a second cast that only samples from 5 meters, since the majority of our study is from depths that utilize the sun's energy the most. These samples are collected by each group for their focused experiments. We have it down, well, to a science, running smoothly and working together as a unified team. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Keith Shadle, Res Tech with Dr. Mark Wells<br />
University of Maine</td></tr>
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After the CTD deployment, we need to collect water samples without any contact with the surface. These special samples are needed for the more sensitive work that is being done in the "Clean Room" (see previous post). The work done by Dr. Mark Wells (University of Maine) has to take every precaution not to contaminate the water sample with any outside metals, quite a feat on this steel vessel. Dr. Wells equated this work of past scientists that did not take such precautions, as "measuring flour particles in a lab located in a bakery." Data in the past in this area, especially in iron content, has been tainted by experimental procedures that have led to his practices today. I'm blown away by the care of every procedure and the ingenuity that is required to procure such clean samples. Before the sample ever enters the "clean room," it has to be collected.<br />
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We have to go below the surface because the tiny film that covers the ocean, and all bodies, has dust that includes particles of iron, the target of Dr. Wells' study. Therefore, we deploy from the winch a 200 plus pound weight 10 meters below the surface. We use the "A-frame" to bring the line in close enough to a heavy table that we move and bolt down everyday. Once the weight is deployed far below the surface, we attach the "Go Flo" to the line. Dr. Wells has to make sure that it securely fastened and that the spring-loaded ports are open before sending it down to 10 meters farther below the water's surface.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is why it's called an "A-frame."</td></tr>
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The way that this thing works is quite impressive. It's engineered to stay open until triggered to close. The increased pressure from the 10 meter depth pops a rubber cork, cocking a lever that is the key to capturing the untainted seawater. In order to trigger this lever, Dr. Charles Trick (Western University, Ontario) brings in the A-frame so that Dr. Wells can attach a heavy polycarbonate weight that is denser than the salty water below. He sends it down like a messenger to the Go Flo to slam its ports. Thirty liters of water is now trapped in the Go Flo, and zero outside contaminates are included. We reel it all in, detach the weight and Go Flo, and carry the treasured sample to the "Clean Room," before moving it all back until the next site. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Charles Trick, Western University, Ontario <br />
mans the A-frame controls.</td></tr>
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I'm realizing daily more and more the extensive lengths that we have to go to in order to assure that every precaution is taken--<span style="font-size: large;">the integrity of the data depends on it.</span> These principal investigators take their job and their work seriously to present the best indication of the health of the ocean. It is an incredibly big responsibility with global impacts if only we'd listen to what they have to say. It is not their opinions; it is the data. It is the evidence that supports a claim that effects us all. The food chain begins with the phytoplankton, healthy phytoplankton, healthy food chain. </div>
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Between 40% to 60% of all of the earth's oxygen comes from these as well; that's more than any other source (Cochlan). </blockquote>
Lifetimes are spent in this study, "taking the pulse of the ocean," as Dr. Cochlan, RTC-SFSU puts it. with the greatest care and precision.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Shouldn't we listen as we get the prognosis of its health?</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chief Alex Rodriquez inspects the controls with Dr. Wells.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"A-frame out"</td></tr>
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<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-86799358196528093772014-05-22T21:19:00.001-07:002014-05-23T08:21:58.106-07:00Fitness at Sea: "Steel Beach"<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC_c57yBj2iPhBIw0cCGuDE4bwkuTQGNKImP34BcgkZ_e70NzgMz3US5PpGUgv2vAFuy1iT3edwtuGjNnuC7FFVU5NuMUZkgBVTNdH5v0Qkqpmg4gobg3rouGgkCL9sxMMy0_2dx85e1Os/s1600/IMG_4627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC_c57yBj2iPhBIw0cCGuDE4bwkuTQGNKImP34BcgkZ_e70NzgMz3US5PpGUgv2vAFuy1iT3edwtuGjNnuC7FFVU5NuMUZkgBVTNdH5v0Qkqpmg4gobg3rouGgkCL9sxMMy0_2dx85e1Os/s1600/IMG_4627.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Exercise room with weights secured for travel</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bCasHm3fSovY2gh5LSKisBDdgMHZSnwocz7zptc9Rczs93Q53WmLF0CwukOfpBC79NhWLkxTZ76d73SME6MGOpAitTdMTeRKpmrqHHPcLtPjmewldgO5SQHbDJw99kkYI8dLaj_pGBXc/s1600/IMG_4532.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bCasHm3fSovY2gh5LSKisBDdgMHZSnwocz7zptc9Rczs93Q53WmLF0CwukOfpBC79NhWLkxTZ76d73SME6MGOpAitTdMTeRKpmrqHHPcLtPjmewldgO5SQHbDJw99kkYI8dLaj_pGBXc/s1600/IMG_4532.JPG" height="320" width="288" /></a>At home in Chattanooga, Tennessee, I stay pretty active by getting up early everyday and driving across town to meet up with about 30 other guys, fighting gravity and age by doing some phenomenal workouts. It's called the RRL or <a href="http://www.fitnesstruthtv.com/">Fitness Truth</a>, and there's a daily <a href="http://www.fitnesstruthtv.com/">blog</a> and Facebook page that describes it better than I can. What I do know is that it's a brotherhood of guys from every walk of life, and one that I miss here at sea. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMEgXu6dMKckXWqVuEU12iveHyoOZKZvyrg4K7V_FX5X0MOWcy9UHyTfginTE3RO3Zu4FoC1JKn0o1LUPzLPd68gJBFA1cQ3EVlY4q1ZECz_Jm1vaIrvsjGB9sHaL91i4D1qYBiOT73uUp/s1600/IMG_4505.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMEgXu6dMKckXWqVuEU12iveHyoOZKZvyrg4K7V_FX5X0MOWcy9UHyTfginTE3RO3Zu4FoC1JKn0o1LUPzLPd68gJBFA1cQ3EVlY4q1ZECz_Jm1vaIrvsjGB9sHaL91i4D1qYBiOT73uUp/s1600/IMG_4505.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wood chucks have been crafted to keep the bar from rolling as the ship continually rocks.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crew member, Paul Martin, OS (left); <br />
Hannah Glover, UW, NOAA-PMEL</td></tr>
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I have tried to work around the busy schedule of sampling and analyzing, but it has been difficult between inconsistent hours, the continuously moving ship, and the results of motion on the body--it's physically exhausting just to stand and do lab work because of the constant grappling with gravity to regain balance. There are plenty of workouts that are options while traveling, so I was prepared to do a lot of <a href="http://www.fitnesstruthtv.com/resources/travel-workouts/">these</a>. Surprisingly, I didn't have to break open a "deck of cards" workout or resort to repetitive bodyweight movements. There's a gym on board! Well, it's more of a closet with weights, bars, and fitness paraphernalia, but it's perfect for life on the ship. I was even more pleasantly surprised to find a pull-up bar, several stationary bikes tucked throughout the lower and upper decks, and even a rower (Concept 2), which is my favorite cardio on board.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Steel Beach"<br />
deck 50ft above sea level, pull-up bar<br />
in the background</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paul Martin in action during a fire drill</td></tr>
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Our science crew schedule is variable with one day being completely slammed for 14+ hours and the next relatively chill after lunch, so our girls and guys workout when they can. Hannah and others hit the cardio machines before everyone wakes up, while Dr. Wells has been spotted on the rower before dinner.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Crew: Paul, Keith and Heather</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-GIPpzRR4X7ufksBhSAAs14MBN2lFlnLOh-DhUDgiAAGTMaW-AxvUXSZFT-pLDmHzj11Y4-CzBZkdWb02143NZQwidVaOtvmAhJXjeOzQylCqQi5157oekKXqkwxF8RhAI7xSqw7f7Th/s1600/IMG_0448.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA-GIPpzRR4X7ufksBhSAAs14MBN2lFlnLOh-DhUDgiAAGTMaW-AxvUXSZFT-pLDmHzj11Y4-CzBZkdWb02143NZQwidVaOtvmAhJXjeOzQylCqQi5157oekKXqkwxF8RhAI7xSqw7f7Th/s1600/IMG_0448.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"A-Rod" Alex Rodriguez, 54, <br />Chief Engineer and lifetime salty sailor </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqA0bZIss9aOm416ic82rs1S77zx_Mv0Uhnsz8gQK-xHks6V15DbwajXtdULucScBkNON9bs5nNDVpz870ZW5tONq_PFPyDq_6kqbvb36yPQXF2pCgzx75RVrZDFXel_RxTdHcF1MfjZtl/s1600/IMG_0446.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqA0bZIss9aOm416ic82rs1S77zx_Mv0Uhnsz8gQK-xHks6V15DbwajXtdULucScBkNON9bs5nNDVpz870ZW5tONq_PFPyDq_6kqbvb36yPQXF2pCgzx75RVrZDFXel_RxTdHcF1MfjZtl/s1600/IMG_0446.JPG" height="149" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tom Brown, Oiler</td></tr>
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In my short time onboard, I have not only made quick friends for life with the fellow scientists, but I have also made friends with the ship's amazing crew. There's a "vibe" as Tom Brown, 25, from San Diego put it that makes this ship special. He has two other brothers on Scripps' sister ships (and at one time there were four brothers all working for <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/">Scripps</a>). Tom comes from several generations of sailors and knew that he wanted to work at sea early on. At 25, he's now a permanent employee and engineer, working his way up by hard work and experience at sea. Tom's a former football player at Santana High; 6' 1", 230 pounds, he was an ideal tight end. Now, he continues to train. Every morning at 0600 (6am), he views his workouts as "his coffee for the day" with the lifetime sailor, Chief Engineer, Alex Rodriguez.<br />
<br />
"A-Rod" or "Chief" as he's known on board is 54 and still trains daily. After graduating from high school in Missouri, Chief made his way back to sea. From his early teens, he has spent time on ships as either a fisherman or engineer. He has a college degree in Fisheries Biology from the University of Alaska where he spent most of his saltwater career. Now, he's the head engineer on this vessel and others in the fleet.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcL9ZJysTyLLuWqpqbO-CK7Eq6GE00LvrS7MD6RqrerHYNWX7sgJc-PnH5jDtcvDFR4R-h7aqxyf1J8ffCg-vIrlPjhMqOXvx4Hcn8Cou-pyhhmgpB8N8FWtu8xSoVHIHOV8r8l-D0__z3/s1600/IMG_4634.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcL9ZJysTyLLuWqpqbO-CK7Eq6GE00LvrS7MD6RqrerHYNWX7sgJc-PnH5jDtcvDFR4R-h7aqxyf1J8ffCg-vIrlPjhMqOXvx4Hcn8Cou-pyhhmgpB8N8FWtu8xSoVHIHOV8r8l-D0__z3/s1600/IMG_4634.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Keith Shadle talking with Rachel Vander Giessen, NOAA-PMEL</td></tr>
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Our "Res Tech," residence technician, Keith Shadle, 33, and new shipmate, Paul Martin, 25, choose the afternoons instead. Everyday at 1600 (4pm), they hit "Steel Beach" as they call it. They spend the better part of an hour before dinner is served lifting weights and mixing in different movements, all on the rocking deck. Heather Galiher, a young 2nd mate (like an assistant captain, piloting the ship, charting the course, etc.), also finds time to workout during this hour, doing her own version of pilates, yoga, and core exercises. </div>
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Everyday, the science team depends on Keith. As the Res Tech, he is the liaison between the ship's crew and the science team. He's available 24 hours a day for emergencies and keeps us up and running in the lab. His first priority is our safety. Everyday as we deploy the CTD, the Go Flo (blog upcoming), and any of the other actions that require us to sample the water, he is there to instruct us on the proper protocol and keep us from doing anything that would risk anyone going overboard or being hit with anything overhead. We don lifevests and construction helmets and use lines to guide the devices into the water safely. Keith has a commanding presence yet is patient as he has to teach every new group how to run the machines, tie the knots, hook the CTD, bolt everything to the deck, and much more. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Retrieving the CTD with Res Tech, Keith Shadle in control</td></tr>
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Despite his seriousness of purpose while doing his job, he also shows an interest and aptitude for the science that we are doing--and no wonder, he has a degree in marine biology! After graduating from the University of Maine (the same school as our own co-PI, Dr. Mark Wells, coincidently), he worked as a biologist in Alaska on fishing boats. After four years of that tough work, he applied to <a href="https://scripps.ucsd.edu/">Scripps</a> and has been working here ever since. Now 6 plus years later, this kid from Indiana has seen some exotic places--working out on the deck with the Philippines' crystal clear water and white sandy beaches in sight. The greatest challenges that he faces, however, are the language barriers that occur when working with foreign scientists and the time at sea. This is his third 30 day research cruise since October, and it can take its toll. If there is any weariness, we wouldn't know it. He has been on point everyday, professional with an engaging personality. </div>
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Fitness at sea comes in a variety of different methods all throughout the day. I'm just glad to be around so many that make time for it as often as possible. The attitude of the ship is positive and fun; and I guarantee that regular exercise plays a huge role in that "vibe." I know that it does for me.</div>
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In case anyone is wondering here is my workout from today:</div>
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5 rounds with 3 minute rest between each round,</div>
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20 pull-ups</div>
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30 pushups</div>
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40 situps </div>
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50 air squats</div>
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*The workout is called, "Barbara." Comment if you want the times. :-) </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzbBDNqw3krTslp3sgEp-CAEr2I3Op_mZiDavRE64rflJJmnTfsvbEUaKFp_SSwjJiILIX004M32PExyr1T_rZS9aYEa-vKazrbJvQMy6NAPfespmw5gtWbqJ43TWYJecXOj81oTIu0H4D/s1600/IMG_0449.mov" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzbBDNqw3krTslp3sgEp-CAEr2I3Op_mZiDavRE64rflJJmnTfsvbEUaKFp_SSwjJiILIX004M32PExyr1T_rZS9aYEa-vKazrbJvQMy6NAPfespmw5gtWbqJ43TWYJecXOj81oTIu0H4D/s1600/IMG_0449.mov" height="200" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watch my hand shake when the fog horn blows!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-58725899961233276252014-05-21T09:37:00.000-07:002014-05-21T09:37:07.092-07:00Ocean Acidification: Batch 1 Sampling<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhQGYz0RgljVpwzJUAC1Js1TaoD6yubz2xWcF8ZWiYUz_kgLk1_e-q6jGO_G-HDn2tXGuS8vsOf_DD_goL8Rb34hQ8dhPJ_cEffAImMcTbyS1bcHT36Lyn7YkEMefpSKn3UokkJ9WiJvkb/s1600/IMG_4512.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhQGYz0RgljVpwzJUAC1Js1TaoD6yubz2xWcF8ZWiYUz_kgLk1_e-q6jGO_G-HDn2tXGuS8vsOf_DD_goL8Rb34hQ8dhPJ_cEffAImMcTbyS1bcHT36Lyn7YkEMefpSKn3UokkJ9WiJvkb/s1600/IMG_4512.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Near incubator, control group; far incubator, experimental group.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirhyphenhyphen8fHhlAFU4o0SeX_vehNl0Xp9ygcQ_lYt-08fR-3u62m5jFnaM4yxRCKOlx_vYMJdK-p3ssdvqHpJyXEJDWEzxXCuslDT-gj5NPsYPxlXXvaxjEmlo5D7XmXiE9DRkY6lID5zbZGl2t/s1600/IMG_4602.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirhyphenhyphen8fHhlAFU4o0SeX_vehNl0Xp9ygcQ_lYt-08fR-3u62m5jFnaM4yxRCKOlx_vYMJdK-p3ssdvqHpJyXEJDWEzxXCuslDT-gj5NPsYPxlXXvaxjEmlo5D7XmXiE9DRkY6lID5zbZGl2t/s1600/IMG_4602.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
All the principal investigators and super techs gather<br />
for the big day--the results will be exciting, either way.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9kLwPGJV7VqJrP2KyWNUTkRFBhyKLy9YmkLmbB7yEB7XF3GK1y9LnaqLZdRUIMosIHihf5P2Qs5JAHVOCTugbMGGwafbzM6GM8dsSmX_3yHuQJEO-JQgHqS4pPRpSBLPzcru6zwshllJm/s1600/IMG_4603.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9kLwPGJV7VqJrP2KyWNUTkRFBhyKLy9YmkLmbB7yEB7XF3GK1y9LnaqLZdRUIMosIHihf5P2Qs5JAHVOCTugbMGGwafbzM6GM8dsSmX_3yHuQJEO-JQgHqS4pPRpSBLPzcru6zwshllJm/s1600/IMG_4603.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Sampling: acid wash, rinse with ultrapure water three times,<br />
rinse with sample three times (note: don't forget the threads!),<br />
then fill your container to the neck, no more, no less.<br />
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Dr. Cochlan, lead PI, knows best; Chris Ikeda assists.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj63MQFduGZumZL2zLTEjgESIGStCUEar6hUXIFXzfVwt51otIv45T8tLR6lf1DB_fAY6W__UkKvL7zrbVO_Dpx329J84T_W5F7cnwbTxJ0xM-BBykOBEfbQP6ED2Z9Bf0oN4qr0V9GvIpb/s1600/IMG_4562.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj63MQFduGZumZL2zLTEjgESIGStCUEar6hUXIFXzfVwt51otIv45T8tLR6lf1DB_fAY6W__UkKvL7zrbVO_Dpx329J84T_W5F7cnwbTxJ0xM-BBykOBEfbQP6ED2Z9Bf0oN4qr0V9GvIpb/s1600/IMG_4562.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The two carboys (large bottles) on the ground are limiting the trace metals<br />
that are being analyzed in depth in the "Clean Room". <br />
The process for collecting that water without contamination is incredible in itself.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">Today’s
the big day!</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> Months of planning lead up to this experiment. We analyze samples from our most focused experiment of our fieldwork:
the incubators. From the tireless work of Chris with his pH meter mash-up,
Julian’s inorganic nutrient auto-analyzer, and so many on board along with the
landward labs leading up to this research cruise, the incubators outside on the
ship’s fantail have been monitored and the phytoplankton have been growing as
expected. “It’s just like grass, it grows to a certain point until it runs out
of nutrients,” Dr. Mark Wells, University of Maine, co-PI, explains. These
incubators have been running for days with seawater and all of the organisms
within from the first site. Methodically, each container within the incubator
has been stressed in different ways as we may see naturally. The independent
variable in this experiment has been the amount of available nutrients:
nitrates, phosphates, silicates and iron. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX8pRM8koKVWfBINzJUlKh0mClnRxRMX78HMs4w5RbtVjcsvgSxadD05MQnlMn6Hv6T1fgD2OlppdOpo5dRz928Mn8nPKPTroG5NSYp8Ne0fwDUzFFumSlDQijQ4k8o0YD8xd4J55ak9mt/s1600/IMG_4563.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX8pRM8koKVWfBINzJUlKh0mClnRxRMX78HMs4w5RbtVjcsvgSxadD05MQnlMn6Hv6T1fgD2OlppdOpo5dRz928Mn8nPKPTroG5NSYp8Ne0fwDUzFFumSlDQijQ4k8o0YD8xd4J55ak9mt/s1600/IMG_4563.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Limiting iron availability of a sample while modifying the pH <br />
with infused carbon dioxide (CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">), just as we would see naturally.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of seven pH meters used to monitor the acidity of the sample. <br />
When the meter reads above 7.6,<br />
CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> is pumped through the lines to lower the pH back to 7.6.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ4EKybKmmDbm2GdExgQCa5f0nfxplZhkOuFrINjdWKU9PBcOK0h0mOitwHLxpCN-ira2vOzw3PD78HcVs_EPGqPApt9Euq7hligIcbAqAd7je0MpgdCcyFQ52peRd2UyThTGNVdGZnnLM/s1600/IMG_4567.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ4EKybKmmDbm2GdExgQCa5f0nfxplZhkOuFrINjdWKU9PBcOK0h0mOitwHLxpCN-ira2vOzw3PD78HcVs_EPGqPApt9Euq7hligIcbAqAd7je0MpgdCcyFQ52peRd2UyThTGNVdGZnnLM/s1600/IMG_4567.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Each line is fed from the carboys in the incubator to the computer <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pressure gauges for each carbon dioxide tank.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">With the
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"The chemistry of the ocean is dependent on the chemistry of the
atmosphere" (Cochlan). Therefore, more carbon dioxide emissions in the
atmosphere, more dissolved carbon dioxide in the oceans. Carbon dioxide in
the ocean, a necessary component for plant life, turns to carbonic acid, slowly
lowering the pH (raising the acid levels of the seas). The 100-year projection
is a pH of 7.8 by 2100, causing problems with shell-bearing organisms and much
more that is still unknown. This is ocean acidification.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">We have
intentionally targeted areas of upwelling along the Pacific Northwest because
these are "sentinel sites that indicate the future" (lead PI,
Cochlan, RTC-SFSU). There are two currents: surface water and deep water.
Surface water currents (the first 100m of water) travel the earth’s surface in
roughly five years, driven by the winds. Deep water currents (100m-4000<sup>+</sup>m),
on the other hand, move slowly, taking 1000 to 1400 years to circulate. Oceanic
deep water conveyors in the intermittent layer does resurface every 50-100
years in upwelling zones; therefore, by sampling from these zones, we are able
to observe the future chemistry of the ocean. Unlike the surface water that
reaches equilibrium with the atmosphere through interactive processes, the deep
water continues to become more acidic at faster rate because the CO</span><sub><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2 </span></sub><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">is trapped under the
blanket of surface water. The water sampled this week at our first site was
nutrient rich, low in iron, and had a pH of 7.6. This water hasn't seen light
since pre-industrial revolution—an indication of the ocean’s future normal in
20 to 50 years, not 100 as previously projected, according to co-PI, Charlie Trick, Western University. There is still a long way to
go before making any substantial claims, but it does perk great interest. Upwelled
zones naturally have a lower pH, but this may be an indication of the acidity
level in the future. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: medium;">And, this is why we are experimenting: we simply want to
sample cleanly, analyze honestly, and use methods in experiments that model the
future accurately. The end result will be a presentation of the results. One of
the mantras of the PI's onboard is that of Joe Friday from Dragnet, "Just
the facts, ma'am." These men of integrity are prepared to title their
peer-reviewed scientific paper as their results support their hypothesis or
their results do not support their hypothesis. Either way it is one step closer
to understanding the current path of our future and the steps that we can take
to change that path. </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">This is science. And, I would never know this without this
experience first-hand.</span></b><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-40141317942164851232014-05-20T16:32:00.000-07:002014-05-20T16:32:12.360-07:00pH and Chris Ikeda, RTC-SFSU<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7-5BjC0c9I2OhJYE6QAFbhLIP-Q-cZFYTW7-qKWNI0IaPr-lLLs6LngXG52R_ryOZYeRjxbFD7LhQcsbAzXs5OBesLkVkD3V5udyWfVL5TW1Lh0nHVuM3RAGiq1sA8nZjKAg_javJ-3yK/s1600/IMG_4569.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7-5BjC0c9I2OhJYE6QAFbhLIP-Q-cZFYTW7-qKWNI0IaPr-lLLs6LngXG52R_ryOZYeRjxbFD7LhQcsbAzXs5OBesLkVkD3V5udyWfVL5TW1Lh0nHVuM3RAGiq1sA8nZjKAg_javJ-3yK/s1600/IMG_4569.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Chris Ikeda, RTC-SFSU<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
My first day on the ship, ten days ago today, there were several key scientists already hard at work. As I carried supplies, built frames, bolted down tables, and did whatever I was told to do, there was one young man that worked tirelessly by himself. The only sounds from his work area were the breaking beats of underground rap as he began a process that would take a over a week to complete.<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
After months of planning, Chris Ikeda another bright mind and rockstar scientist from San Francisco State University's Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Sciences (RTC-SFSU) systematically fed special lines from inside the hangar to outside, attached pressure connectors, and calibrated machines, both at the two<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2AHuJBJTSdzRmd5BnmcMGPInInUFdIQ3hyXPQEkmzvTKzrGwyenJkzP_Uyth7si1i1EnPZyWo2S4K9BQTM6ZsoUB2UkrmgAVIrpAjeHY36lDssvZmJZS7kfApvMOkODzoPDkvE9XhCPvM/s1600/IMG_4555.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2AHuJBJTSdzRmd5BnmcMGPInInUFdIQ3hyXPQEkmzvTKzrGwyenJkzP_Uyth7si1i1EnPZyWo2S4K9BQTM6ZsoUB2UkrmgAVIrpAjeHY36lDssvZmJZS7kfApvMOkODzoPDkvE9XhCPvM/s1600/IMG_4555.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Bill Cochlan, chief scientist <br />
and principal investigator for our research<br />
RTC-SFSU</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
computers as well as the multiple sensors and meters. While I took breaks at night, always making time to eat, Chris continued to work, asking for a plate instead to be saved. Many nights, after our work was done, Brian Bill (NOAA), Chief Scientist (ChiSci) and lead Principal Investigator (PI) Dr. Bill Cochlan (RTC-SFSU) along with Co-PI's Dr. Mark Wells (University of Maine) and Dr. Charlie Trick (Western University, London, Ontario)<span style="color: red;"> </span>could be found outside with Chris discussing these instruments and working through challenges along the way. Any observer could see that this was important work, crucial to the mission of this laboratory at sea. </div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_C7xixfBNEa8h9WARVZQ_-Q0cMjOaGxWqOlsSA_wJg9lyrNLSZq0P1h1fWKO1BXwjUF-ZuTsD-zPoXz7k1KHTdqTZauSM7a4ajnIHYxzAv7fc6AEvskeesKzMHm3ljI-oXeLp5l8WP6Dl/s1600/IMG_4478.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_C7xixfBNEa8h9WARVZQ_-Q0cMjOaGxWqOlsSA_wJg9lyrNLSZq0P1h1fWKO1BXwjUF-ZuTsD-zPoXz7k1KHTdqTZauSM7a4ajnIHYxzAv7fc6AEvskeesKzMHm3ljI-oXeLp5l8WP6Dl/s1600/IMG_4478.JPG" height="200" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Co-principal investigators:<br />
Mark Wells, Univ. of Maine<br />
pictured right, Charlie Trick, Western<br />
University, Canada</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkNy9ohv-jdIFumYluZPzbwZyqEayOYgIfGgxoZrCgaYtJ6EX3JBqIZq6IukGjzEep1YQ3bmjWOP55vnJLGxVZcRPbnyHmcc3hWmry2Yq7jFSNuaapjX0dwCc0ktynQpHx87frQzNLl5l/s1600/IMG_4568.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkNy9ohv-jdIFumYluZPzbwZyqEayOYgIfGgxoZrCgaYtJ6EX3JBqIZq6IukGjzEep1YQ3bmjWOP55vnJLGxVZcRPbnyHmcc3hWmry2Yq7jFSNuaapjX0dwCc0ktynQpHx87frQzNLl5l/s1600/IMG_4568.JPG" height="200" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;">This set up is the result of months of planning and testing in the lab; then, a week of work day and night to get it running as planned. Chris Ikeda (RTC-SFSU) is the one responsible for this important work. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
Besides a few asides about his taste in music, Chris quietly worked and politely refused any help from me and others for the most part, and when he was finished, I could see why. The amazing result of plumbing and electrical innovation had to be precise, as he was reading one of the most sensitive and critical pieces of data for every experiment on board: <a href="http://water.usgs.gov/edu/phdiagram.html">pH</a>.<br />
<br />
When I asked Chris about the science, that's when he really opened up. The passion for the marine science is evident in his enthusiasm and seriousness of purpose of his work. I listened and took notes intently as he spoke.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Oceanic acidification seems to the buzz phrase that is becoming more important to the global science community with new research warning of the repercussions of an increasingly less basic ocean. The ocean will never truly be an acid, but when we talk about oceanic acidification or OA as it's termed, we are talking about the gradual movement of the ocean's pH lowering closer to neutral than ever before. The pH scale measures the amount of hydrogen ions available. A lower number on the pH scale is acidic; higher numbers are basic or alkaline. The numbers range from 0 to 14 with the extremes of this range being the most powerful. Bleach would be a strong base at pH 13; stomach acid (HCl) would be a strong acid nearing a pH of 1; and pure water would be neutral right in the middle with pH 7. Our global ocean has an understood pH value of 8.10 and was 8.21 before the industrial revolution. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSM19nZjuOuaoh_1MoHvmSn8jwneP2rPIOeEM7uNfkROlICBHZUTR2rOs4wXICUO95yQQx5AOnVPqPsd5TccPMM07Ge1lGo_XeUInSz3VwRTTdcKteLPfqylYY8jszG2ooEN0Lw2HQiulT/s1600/image+(1).jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSM19nZjuOuaoh_1MoHvmSn8jwneP2rPIOeEM7uNfkROlICBHZUTR2rOs4wXICUO95yQQx5AOnVPqPsd5TccPMM07Ge1lGo_XeUInSz3VwRTTdcKteLPfqylYY8jszG2ooEN0Lw2HQiulT/s1600/image+(1).jpeg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coffee in the morning tastes better<br />with this kind of entertainment!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Our work here is important analysis of the ocean. "We are taking the pulse of the ocean," as Dr. Cochlan describes it. I will go into more depth about this global OA movement and our work at sea in the coming posts. Chris's pH reading contraption is connected to two incubators, one as the ocean is now and another artificially manipulated to simulate the ocean in the future according to the readings from our samples. It's really fascinating, so check back tomorrow for more details!<br />
<br />
Remember to check out Denis Costello's perspective on the day to day here at sea as well: <a href="http://socalcostello.blogspot.com/">socalcostello.blogspot.com</a>.</div>
t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-4337181645455033522014-05-18T18:15:00.001-07:002014-05-18T18:15:17.809-07:00No Dentist on Board<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtNqY3hMJO98I-mYAeVIjdNwOvTOYTiYQETfXYVe4qnox973S13kgH4ortCdk-_a-q3a2Edmhhs-oHVozBaFE84GyH6_nb0SQO_uofLUYRf4HLPTVgH6hEcFcJlF07E2vmIO49O7HmtnA9/s1600/IMG_4475.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtNqY3hMJO98I-mYAeVIjdNwOvTOYTiYQETfXYVe4qnox973S13kgH4ortCdk-_a-q3a2Edmhhs-oHVozBaFE84GyH6_nb0SQO_uofLUYRf4HLPTVgH6hEcFcJlF07E2vmIO49O7HmtnA9/s1600/IMG_4475.jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grin and bear it.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
This isn't the first first time that I've broken a tooth. In fact, my front teeth have been through a lot from contact sports and a full contact life. My dentist and friend, Chad Owens, has had to work on this same incisor more than once. But, I didn't realize that I'd need him here at sea. I'm long ways from any medical staff, but I did find out that this vessel has a medical room, complete with gurney and equipment for emergencies. Apparently, my "emergency" is not one that their prepared for; in fact, the captain said that this is a first that anyone had ever asked him for a Dremel to do some dental work.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioMH7b05ae0ged-6MjLsn5_f5xnkHBCYAoGXF4Re9gKsRyhEFSxn764wUoQUdrK9ohg2O7TPLXToYBf0STYM6wsHPEnWZb3xpP0VcFZxzVOsOtZJKLH-bDHXzJlYaXhElcSPwbvAdYCGWo/s1600/IMG_4524.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioMH7b05ae0ged-6MjLsn5_f5xnkHBCYAoGXF4Re9gKsRyhEFSxn764wUoQUdrK9ohg2O7TPLXToYBf0STYM6wsHPEnWZb3xpP0VcFZxzVOsOtZJKLH-bDHXzJlYaXhElcSPwbvAdYCGWo/s1600/IMG_4524.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Medical room on board</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
I could make up a cool story about how a narwhal got too close or even that a wave swelled as I was carrying samples above deck. But, no. I was simply doing what I do best: eating. As I bit into the French baguette, I felt and heard the snap. I ran to the bathroom to see the damage.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJd4EfYAG0yTga8yWc-vKzAq4ccoZoMaD2PWXc1FensTNwbo8uMO305NW3Yv1tI8CsRo2wC9v2QY12XVmRiHtv8MVEPEjlaxLV-akaGwPYmrOU_AZJEJL2Q6ViDFHCpWv5FlXt0YdmL5Tw/s1600/IMG_4526.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJd4EfYAG0yTga8yWc-vKzAq4ccoZoMaD2PWXc1FensTNwbo8uMO305NW3Yv1tI8CsRo2wC9v2QY12XVmRiHtv8MVEPEjlaxLV-akaGwPYmrOU_AZJEJL2Q6ViDFHCpWv5FlXt0YdmL5Tw/s1600/IMG_4526.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I didn't panic. I just needed to get it glued back in ASAP, so I cleaned up the recovered tooth and the cavity. Super glue should do it, I thought. So, I scraped with my knife and dried it to prepare for setting. A few drops of glue on the post and in she goes. It worked! Temporarily.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAzPVl-DzZ1LF7aN4U43u2FBsnyzx-HnYli4YFWSWu-R3fN0WEojK0DxtRfO4B6rPkDV9dxRjycOa0EgpIvISKKmsHRQ-B6LT02rLXy6Ww9eS8SLEIuk4jWWuoIDG3iUFfedHs1RUQX9J/s1600/IMG_4518.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFAzPVl-DzZ1LF7aN4U43u2FBsnyzx-HnYli4YFWSWu-R3fN0WEojK0DxtRfO4B6rPkDV9dxRjycOa0EgpIvISKKmsHRQ-B6LT02rLXy6Ww9eS8SLEIuk4jWWuoIDG3iUFfedHs1RUQX9J/s1600/IMG_4518.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Pirates of the Pacific</div>
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Next meal, it breaks again. I'm back following the same procedure, but this time it won't sit correctly at all. After short work with my knife, (quick aside: Don't ever try this, especially on a rocking boat. Stupid, but made sense at the time.) I thought if I only had a rotating multitool like my dentist...<br />
It seemed logical to me to at least ask, so I went to the bridge and just smiled at the Captain. He gasped. Then, we headed to the "hospital" to see what toys could fix it.<br />
<br />
Before getting to the medical room, I did get a Dremel from the Res Tech and tried just using the grinding bit without the motor. It tasted like motor oil even after dipping it in alcohol. I really thought that it was going to work. After unsuccessful efforts, I tried various other instruments, such as forceps with varying degrees of stupidity, all while Captain Wes Hill grimaces, chuckles and makes jokes all while making sure that I don't cause a bigger problem or emergency.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2sS14F7ZyEOzYlZpsDPn_CqVEOPuAyqc1z-sQQrGpUFt_fhNsBzZf8z7eLGc3eG-t-eQQnVQPz0YHy6NPq6dz7RdU4551LnHO8r9apiffvv1T3uQTKM2qCdgdn2TIjwZLV5ysbGMhsNFj/s1600/IMG_4525.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2sS14F7ZyEOzYlZpsDPn_CqVEOPuAyqc1z-sQQrGpUFt_fhNsBzZf8z7eLGc3eG-t-eQQnVQPz0YHy6NPq6dz7RdU4551LnHO8r9apiffvv1T3uQTKM2qCdgdn2TIjwZLV5ysbGMhsNFj/s1600/IMG_4525.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Not mouthwash!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I rinsed with isopropyl alcohol, you know, for sanitary reasons; this is another act high on the Richter scale of stupidity and one I will never do again. All of this for naught. Nothing worked, and I'm a month at sea without one-half of my front upper bite.<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">I asked the Captain for an eye patch while in the infirmary. He looked confused until I grinned and said, Arrrrgh, matey!</span><br />
<br />
Yes. I'm from the South; but I really didn't want to perpetuate any stereotypes while working with my new Pacific friends. However, it's just part of the adventure, and I can assure that everyone will remember the toothless teacher from Tennessee.<br />
<br />
If you haven't already, check out my shipmate's <a href="http://socalcostello.blogspot.com/">blog</a>, Denis Costello, fellow teacher-at-sea. His blog includes other perspectives of the same excursion. I will be focusing on the science and shiplife in the future. This mishap is part of the whole science at sea experience: really important, serious science research mixed with fun and laughter. I'm just beginning to grasp the magnitude of this research, and as I understand it more, I'm compelled to share it with all that will listen. I'm taking notes daily and putting it altogether for you, the reader. <i>Please share with others so that we can reach a broad audience.</i>t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-85433691612437300152014-05-17T17:57:00.000-07:002014-05-17T20:55:19.505-07:00Inorganic Nutrient Analysis<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgO8dhLamS-3n8vmL-swXI_rGAQbDWeYK-r3jBRJf8L7uur5a6kVR_9PCWp00Lo1j-88NI2XHl3v6RTWYmfHaPsTprd5RJom84T1xweOMuaal-2xSRdyDRrC2uIP6uwgjr4Zb7t6h7lhP/s1600/IMG_4504.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgO8dhLamS-3n8vmL-swXI_rGAQbDWeYK-r3jBRJf8L7uur5a6kVR_9PCWp00Lo1j-88NI2XHl3v6RTWYmfHaPsTprd5RJom84T1xweOMuaal-2xSRdyDRrC2uIP6uwgjr4Zb7t6h7lhP/s1600/IMG_4504.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julian Herndon (RTC-SFSU) </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">When you think of what a potted plant needs to grow, what do you think of? </span></b><br />
<br />
Fertilizer (soil), water, trace metals, carbon dioxide, sunlight... Similarly these are the components of growth in the oceanic primary producers. Yet, ocean water doesn't have soil. It does, however, have the same necessary nutrients for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis">photosynthetic</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae">algae</a> that populates the seas: nitrogen and phosphorus particularly.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijjfUjiBeNkF4tCuHfZWSasm7vZX0uSWUw0IprLMTz8GyUhANw5cS1XWi9CeJemTdHX-2avra8QMI_fHOpXXlqsClAm1fF0bBc68EAjGNhFTEYyH9pJwzXwFnhVV8R3CCq82FXaDbwy7Kf/s1600/IMG_4497.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijjfUjiBeNkF4tCuHfZWSasm7vZX0uSWUw0IprLMTz8GyUhANw5cS1XWi9CeJemTdHX-2avra8QMI_fHOpXXlqsClAm1fF0bBc68EAjGNhFTEYyH9pJwzXwFnhVV8R3CCq82FXaDbwy7Kf/s1600/IMG_4497.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reagents</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
Julian Herndon through the Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies at San Francisco University runs the analytical lab in a room just forward of the main lab. For days (and nights), he has been carefully setting up the lab, calibrating the instruments and preparing the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagent">reagents</a> that are needed to get a complete profile of the ocean water, those necessary nutrients: phosphate, nitrate and silicate which is used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom">diatoms</a>, the most common phytoplankton, to make their intricate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frustules">frustules</a>, their porous cell wall. The amount of care that goes into the programming and plumbing is astounding. The nutrient auto-analyzer is made up of four spectrophotometers, a peristaltic pump and a robotic auto-sampler and pipette that does what any good technician would do: it transfers a constant volume of sample, mixes it with a predetermined volume of reagent, records the results and clears the Teflon tubing with pure water--ready for the next sample. It repeats at a rate that would not be obtainable manually.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYQzVQ_3sH8YpGrfyquWlfe3f_FX3THBlBtQjW98dtGbJskRKK9rdgh97cvZSAR0iUiTjUBqkIdEgbzlJxK2VOGkU5U9E0Ul0BsIO8gjMJWXFkVc8CeX-4r_z1pVtLfgPWgi7AS8rlYZuO/s1600/IMG_4496.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYQzVQ_3sH8YpGrfyquWlfe3f_FX3THBlBtQjW98dtGbJskRKK9rdgh97cvZSAR0iUiTjUBqkIdEgbzlJxK2VOGkU5U9E0Ul0BsIO8gjMJWXFkVc8CeX-4r_z1pVtLfgPWgi7AS8rlYZuO/s1600/IMG_4496.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Automated nutrient analyzer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Basically, the instrument measures the "disappearance of light" as the light is absorbed by the specific compound. Visible light is actually a mixture of different wavelengths, each a different color that is seen as light. What the "spec" does is control the wavelength of light to transmit a particular ray at a specific wavelength through the sample. The reagents react with the sample to allow the machine to read and record the amount of that wavelength that passes through versus that which is absorbed. As an analogy, think of the compounds as stained glass windows, each one a different shade, absorbing that particular color, wavelength, of light. Light passes through, but we only see the color of the glass because its absorbed.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmy1nKFkR1qUVcLNyR9RuPkTlOrHg8shuem_3KanZ83Awg4oEi2SgfMXpJMXTJRZ5y96iovxP4vZRDfVSHSPfNV9w0G3tOhqCu6bSRxm3Acc0GXGeYR9eseWfSMaclOYg20oMNFuvobCEd/s1600/IMG_4494.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmy1nKFkR1qUVcLNyR9RuPkTlOrHg8shuem_3KanZ83Awg4oEi2SgfMXpJMXTJRZ5y96iovxP4vZRDfVSHSPfNV9w0G3tOhqCu6bSRxm3Acc0GXGeYR9eseWfSMaclOYg20oMNFuvobCEd/s1600/IMG_4494.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Julian Herndon, research associate for RTC-SFSU, ensures <br />
proper protocols are followed for sampling.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmV5WJ8YzdO-WD0RzelZUy6DTSJOvb3DMkLQDHGfeMpwUL3wUg5JY7bMm5EEPn1hc5JVZmwa8w-K2oaY9eWwkT5wcGQzNYpq7Pcb0mttiwRP50J3YqnxyIK57KWi0fOENG-NZ5UKYJndmx/s1600/IMG_4498.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmV5WJ8YzdO-WD0RzelZUy6DTSJOvb3DMkLQDHGfeMpwUL3wUg5JY7bMm5EEPn1hc5JVZmwa8w-K2oaY9eWwkT5wcGQzNYpq7Pcb0mttiwRP50J3YqnxyIK57KWi0fOENG-NZ5UKYJndmx/s1600/IMG_4498.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Robotic autosampler system</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Each type of stained glass has an associated wavelength of light, transmitting a different color; therefore, the spectrophotometer shoots a specific type of light through the sample and records the amount of that very specific color that makes its way through the system. If the stained glass represents nitrate (NO<span style="font-size: x-small;">3</span>, a pinkish red color), then the number of nitrate molecules is proportional to the number that is absorbed and unable to pass. Each element or compound absorbs a color. The greater the concentration, the less color passes through to be read by the detector. One of Julian's jobs is to change the "stained glass" needed to measure that particular compound in the sample by creating a new product through a chemical reaction so that it reads that very specific lightwave emitted by that one specific element or compound of interest. By doing this, we can determine the amounts of each of those important nutrients for growth and photosynthetic processes present in the ocean water being studied. He has meticulously set up the robotic machine and computer to do this work for him.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKXPpDkmAc4ngoGzILPStX_lHPVtBEbF1VxdUAm86opjR5ydJWAnXGH7i2cLuqrXeXgcbeiO1QtR8-okt0MDTAVsBnq8OKqWYyL9hKH58WUqEyLGBAL9wladu0mVMrz4cdyi6hs8D_DKLM/s1600/IMG_4501.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKXPpDkmAc4ngoGzILPStX_lHPVtBEbF1VxdUAm86opjR5ydJWAnXGH7i2cLuqrXeXgcbeiO1QtR8-okt0MDTAVsBnq8OKqWYyL9hKH58WUqEyLGBAL9wladu0mVMrz4cdyi6hs8D_DKLM/s1600/IMG_4501.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Automated spectrophotometer with cadmium column<br />
that strips the oxygen, turning nitrate (NO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span>) to nitrite (NO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As a man that has traveled the world in the name of science, Julian is man rich with more than just knowledge of his chemical craft, but he is one of the most interesting people that I have met. His expresso maker sits in the corner with classical music one hour and classic rock the next. With his lab assistant (pictured below), Maribel Albarran, I've never seen such careful attention to detail, cleanliness and consideration of contamination and safety--especially in this raw environment and rough seas--but then again, I've never been a part of something so important where every slight variation counts so much.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRz_l_0fX1YVj4KaIU4qkYqdR9_01jU3dQaElTKAiKZmIsErdXON3uXjfHZJM75tU490Cj44feKxwoxu6frnZ9foE4I_W4sK8K-MGRZM3uZuJycbkf9N0YHyzec6OW66_oC-s5TJJZhw2Q/s1600/IMG_4511.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRz_l_0fX1YVj4KaIU4qkYqdR9_01jU3dQaElTKAiKZmIsErdXON3uXjfHZJM75tU490Cj44feKxwoxu6frnZ9foE4I_W4sK8K-MGRZM3uZuJycbkf9N0YHyzec6OW66_oC-s5TJJZhw2Q/s1600/IMG_4511.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maribel Albarran, student researcher (RTC-SFSU)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
I have learned a lot and have a lot to learn. Julian has patiently explained his laboratory practices and the science behind his work, and I will be taking his teaching to heart and practicing these same methods in my classroom from now on, for safety and precision. I am honored to work and learn from him and all of the professionals onboard.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSIIy8INeFCoJogSPJMyUV4p816TN2Ex1CFXWQnCKgvSP6Ie93atGMQy-8oEg_a5p7EVqS0t8ejnOWXo5r_Adj92phnx2AfwM4sPjqPbO3Og5_W7FmEu5UnKb5cWEd4mjlr3sCxQIBEYk5/s1600/IMG_4499.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSIIy8INeFCoJogSPJMyUV4p816TN2Ex1CFXWQnCKgvSP6Ie93atGMQy-8oEg_a5p7EVqS0t8ejnOWXo5r_Adj92phnx2AfwM4sPjqPbO3Og5_W7FmEu5UnKb5cWEd4mjlr3sCxQIBEYk5/s1600/IMG_4499.JPG" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This standard spectrophotometer measures<br />
one sample at a time.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-44679931898380916472014-05-16T22:39:00.001-07:002014-05-16T22:39:21.996-07:00Don't worry Mom; they're feeding me well, very well!Everyday Bob and Mark get up early to begin their 12 hour shift from 6 to 6 to make the crew and science team happy. Very happy. At 7:30am, 11:30am, and 5:00pm, the line begins to form for the buffet style meals that are prepared for us. And, these meals are good, nothing like I thought that I would be sacrificing by leaving the world's greatest "cooker" (as my children say) at home. However, when we were being fed pork ribs, salmon, prime rib, and seafood gumbo each night, I realized that I was in good hands, and I made immediate friends with the masters of the grill.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOhtMqWsLT3Hpq49X2-Xvl5AvTykr3G7Hzw_l-Up7ROOyDYaXbTFg3zOuVleQ0c1Bb_eCZltNkJDVC_-L38IQBn9nJyTeTb5kuzqUd105jJsoQiUfoN4TxBfWnAUcQFtfAsDWLO0GIzBS/s1600/IMG_4487.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOhtMqWsLT3Hpq49X2-Xvl5AvTykr3G7Hzw_l-Up7ROOyDYaXbTFg3zOuVleQ0c1Bb_eCZltNkJDVC_-L38IQBn9nJyTeTb5kuzqUd105jJsoQiUfoN4TxBfWnAUcQFtfAsDWLO0GIzBS/s1600/IMG_4487.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bob Seeley, retiring this year after 23 years</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigrJfGEArAVdIiFaWbgAkuBtg3QQfo5G3-s49AWg-VjDm0xeju9zGRvH156_E6BqkzhtuwD0h7IxyAM-CZOzSmuK_8oV32BHKzid7tcMWUg45ZvkKTr0qFh6wcihAf_bf8BDPVwzYTp_JE/s1600/IMG_4469.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigrJfGEArAVdIiFaWbgAkuBtg3QQfo5G3-s49AWg-VjDm0xeju9zGRvH156_E6BqkzhtuwD0h7IxyAM-CZOzSmuK_8oV32BHKzid7tcMWUg45ZvkKTr0qFh6wcihAf_bf8BDPVwzYTp_JE/s1600/IMG_4469.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mark Smith, 19 years of service</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSGfBtBqVLJEDAFS1kqq2VofqtkZnYkxcc3ogivbi-ROZazetZ1Ac6ZczzyT0U8V7p2E6nCIjrts0PAF4sBhyxGEzErUd-sdwKf1H6YQxfogYDY5gsfPxwZizb0DNuBS6-fbn2rExi5Z4/s1600/IMG_4486.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDSGfBtBqVLJEDAFS1kqq2VofqtkZnYkxcc3ogivbi-ROZazetZ1Ac6ZczzyT0U8V7p2E6nCIjrts0PAF4sBhyxGEzErUd-sdwKf1H6YQxfogYDY5gsfPxwZizb0DNuBS6-fbn2rExi5Z4/s1600/IMG_4486.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Today's dinner: <br />Tuna steak, brussel sprouts with bacon, red potatoes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Mark Smith, a former Navy man, has been working for Scripps for 19 years, preparing foods aboard ships in the fleet. Bob Seeley from Iowa far from any port is retiring this year after 23 years of service, most of which has been on the Melville. That's a long time to work in one place, which means two things: one, they do an awesome job at what they do; and two, the job is worth the long hours and time away from home. They work these research cruises for four months at a time with three months off, traveling the world. Literally. Mark told me that he's been every possible place imaginable with a port: South Africa, Galapagos, Samoa, Chile, the Philippines, and beyond. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCAw8fHBNLuigxwsIowbL7SCAxnvw-7ag9V81WiNd48Ffz2UCkgSG4WQDn8PlpFTyzbBex5NqcYR3xSrMzTmWfa22DwUdqea0uor9M-ByQwYbCHkMaASW6BpA1Nvu9V_GHsPjFtHPJ30j/s1600/IMG_4488.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCAw8fHBNLuigxwsIowbL7SCAxnvw-7ag9V81WiNd48Ffz2UCkgSG4WQDn8PlpFTyzbBex5NqcYR3xSrMzTmWfa22DwUdqea0uor9M-ByQwYbCHkMaASW6BpA1Nvu9V_GHsPjFtHPJ30j/s1600/IMG_4488.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dessert is not an option!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div>
For this research cruise, they spent $15,000 for the food to prepare the meals. They don't necessarily make a menu ahead of time, but instead, they take turns making what they know well. Mark said, "When I get to cook something I really like, I hook it up." And, I couldn't agree more. It's like the way my administration allows me the freedom to be creative and be a professional--"I hook it up" too.<br />
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<br />
We will go through 55 gallons of milk and 1,980 eggs before this trip ends with very little if anything going to waste. Bob said that they purposely choose foods that can be repurposed into the next meals without feeling like we're eating leftovers. I know this magic trick firsthand from home with my wife--It's ALWAYS the best thing that I've ever eaten.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUJznoL_wt2Y9IT7aP4SXDP8IwaOWiWPvgfVL-qcswYHknntp3qI0Cgm3RP4dk3V0yLmOHEaljZtp4C7nauFk3OymmOX6tlcTIYfBrfBwooAFRjoBl9FJGMQobGF_RjsjEAe2eJj9SyyFy/s1600/IMG_4489.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUJznoL_wt2Y9IT7aP4SXDP8IwaOWiWPvgfVL-qcswYHknntp3qI0Cgm3RP4dk3V0yLmOHEaljZtp4C7nauFk3OymmOX6tlcTIYfBrfBwooAFRjoBl9FJGMQobGF_RjsjEAe2eJj9SyyFy/s1600/IMG_4489.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Our rolling galley, where table tops have lips and everything is secured to the floor</td></tr>
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These men make this journey bearable and even enjoyable for all of us. I will be focusing on the important science happening all around me on this ship, but these are the guys that play an important role as well for so many years of service. Thank you, Bob and Mark. I'm getting hungry just thinking about it. </div>
t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-9102898751369972712014-05-16T08:31:00.001-07:002014-05-16T08:31:08.083-07:00"I'm feeling a little woozy here."<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_EPOGnTkucVq1NvsutyzztKnt41VG9Rum665_BWwZQbm1lkmqligC6anQYfgeJ4dXy8Dj7K0aJsS3vQuXnL0824q5xLS_ah7RLqvdEjxYAx9wlaMDu7_E9hX2_yP1OFjXLQCOJ_9-MmZr/s1600/IMG_4458.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_EPOGnTkucVq1NvsutyzztKnt41VG9Rum665_BWwZQbm1lkmqligC6anQYfgeJ4dXy8Dj7K0aJsS3vQuXnL0824q5xLS_ah7RLqvdEjxYAx9wlaMDu7_E9hX2_yP1OFjXLQCOJ_9-MmZr/s1600/IMG_4458.jpg" height="200" width="150" /></a>The ship's crew laughed when I said that I was feeling the effects of the constant movement of the ship. In the calm seas that we had experienced, they knew that greater, more powerful surges were inevitable. And, they were right. Yesterday marked the first day of stronger winds and larger waves. The power of these waves amazes me. This ship is about the size of a football field and made of more steel than I could imagine, yet it moves back and forth like a cork on a line. It began to rock and roll quite violently yesterday afternoon and hasn't slowed down as of this morning.<br />
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I retired early while the veteran, Denis Costello (check out his blog at: <a href="http://socalcostello.blogspot.com/">socalcostello.blogspot.com</a>), stayed up to write an entry. He is a teacher at sea as well, teaching high school chemistry in Houston, TX. This is his fourth research cruise, so I look to him for guidance in these foreign affairs.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizhADrnSHfp4CYqYPXZlcbgjIrU4Y6mCYh6re2C3WJ00ikAX1a5-1R5LkJIZhyDS1-WG0XHP7ltyiJwpDfl3MHCMx_HVLJ5TEFlgCZ03Xb6CDiMOfXmdesx_TU3sWIhWMPO0frHQZOu_3g/s1600/IMG_4461.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizhADrnSHfp4CYqYPXZlcbgjIrU4Y6mCYh6re2C3WJ00ikAX1a5-1R5LkJIZhyDS1-WG0XHP7ltyiJwpDfl3MHCMx_HVLJ5TEFlgCZ03Xb6CDiMOfXmdesx_TU3sWIhWMPO0frHQZOu_3g/s1600/IMG_4461.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a>The shower was the most challenging part, trying to keep my feet without slamming against the cold steel walls or the concrete floor. Ship showers are different than showers at home: you get wet; turn off the water; lather up; rinse off quickly; and get out. We conserve water.<br />
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The captain stated that the winds were 30 knots which is 34.5 mph but were localized, meaning that the waves were NOT as high as they could be (and most likely will be). This will be a challenge for sure. There aren't any breaks; even when it's calm, the deck moves. Performing experiments with this kind of movement will be interesting. Stay tuned for that update...<br />
t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4511325232675856079.post-17016602608543183512014-05-15T14:12:00.000-07:002014-05-16T07:15:19.970-07:00First steps: collect the water<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ5OVlpw8g4nzJBt-rUdJHU2HvS4BUrjqomzeey_qiq5iVYoWQzx4mPAvymcdmLGjlreys8FFay-5VJeOCLoeEvX_lEfhpwwLGlUEDXIATsuQgYqG3k6wnkgQzW2hyphenhyphen0ZMNs4FrZV3uog4n/s1600/IMG_4428.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ5OVlpw8g4nzJBt-rUdJHU2HvS4BUrjqomzeey_qiq5iVYoWQzx4mPAvymcdmLGjlreys8FFay-5VJeOCLoeEvX_lEfhpwwLGlUEDXIATsuQgYqG3k6wnkgQzW2hyphenhyphen0ZMNs4FrZV3uog4n/s1600/IMG_4428.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I'm working with Dr. Mark Wells, our principal investigator from <br />
the University of Maine here, collecting water samples at various depths</td></tr>
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Denis and I wake up early to set up the filtration lab station (Can you find it in one of the pictures in the previous post?) and the CTD Rosette submersible (pictured left); CTD stands for conductivity, temperature and density. Through coordination with the ship's crew and science crew, the CTD is lowered to predetermined depths by the scientists. At each, the canister or bottle, called a Niskin, fires, closing the top and bottom to collect the water at that depth. There are 24 Niskin bottles, and we usually make 2 collections at each desired depth.<br />
<br />
The large A-frame (pictured above the CTD) moves forward, along with a crane and winch, to place the submersible into the water. As the CTD returns to the surface, it captures water samples by releasing the line and snapping closed the Niskin bottle from a computer system in the main lab. In real time, data is collected on the conductivity, temperature, density, salinity and dissolved oxygen. These data points will be farther investigated in the labs on board.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ICyaPo3xUt2SHn740xWun_4v8iry3eC6-5EmPpY4Ch1E4NIP0L38J0H_rEgM-8E1EWJbaGJzzPn4xOzBGcNECrE5xMbWy9Yu0v5ua1aMnUs7-i8YrDdPCU-usYFb-ITghroosMO7us4k/s1600/IMG_0440.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ICyaPo3xUt2SHn740xWun_4v8iry3eC6-5EmPpY4Ch1E4NIP0L38J0H_rEgM-8E1EWJbaGJzzPn4xOzBGcNECrE5xMbWy9Yu0v5ua1aMnUs7-i8YrDdPCU-usYFb-ITghroosMO7us4k/s1600/IMG_0440.JPG" height="297" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notice how each bottle is attached to a release line.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9nijV54BBtY2I4neeOM74Xmq-V49Dwn56qLaOh5A2PMABfHpt1EHwzDHOZVjhgEJgRVkGZmIKl-GmE3IU0NTm6a5mQFDjB_Kq3MJQvw0LNuteapHWOu_5I3BuozuieYmwNAaKeDjPxyfr/s1600/IMG_4457.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9nijV54BBtY2I4neeOM74Xmq-V49Dwn56qLaOh5A2PMABfHpt1EHwzDHOZVjhgEJgRVkGZmIKl-GmE3IU0NTm6a5mQFDjB_Kq3MJQvw0LNuteapHWOu_5I3BuozuieYmwNAaKeDjPxyfr/s1600/IMG_4457.JPG" height="320" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rachel Vander Giessen, University of Washington and NOAA-PMEL, communicates to the crane operator and us outside on the deck when to stop the CTD and take samples. </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELUHUIYv3ZOXedNB6xtDSqIA-G9yRCtnlKgvwr3oxYz6WcVA8eD_flC3RqTkx7y5JjP7zlawN2-lYDGhgqWTbSMrmdtxXNFncghyMIx8N99umFCVbuQUq5KBa4dbb8gFNP_amZLQfLkp4/s1600/IMG_4451.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgELUHUIYv3ZOXedNB6xtDSqIA-G9yRCtnlKgvwr3oxYz6WcVA8eD_flC3RqTkx7y5JjP7zlawN2-lYDGhgqWTbSMrmdtxXNFncghyMIx8N99umFCVbuQUq5KBa4dbb8gFNP_amZLQfLkp4/s1600/IMG_4451.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Retrieving the CTD with carbon fiber poles and lines,<br />
"Res Tech" (resident technician), Keith ensures safety.</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs8pFuxrNWI5Tk2O07p2_0wcfShmear1Xi-tWw7R9ew8sEi1HBvibamkM7aGbtY6XCHddiA5jbz8K2XHJNy8VXkCnvjvTZLZjjlfiJnquYh6MApFaSyZg8XW0s4AzPwTIvxI0fRHkCLObA/s1600/IMG_4452.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs8pFuxrNWI5Tk2O07p2_0wcfShmear1Xi-tWw7R9ew8sEi1HBvibamkM7aGbtY6XCHddiA5jbz8K2XHJNy8VXkCnvjvTZLZjjlfiJnquYh6MApFaSyZg8XW0s4AzPwTIvxI0fRHkCLObA/s1600/IMG_4452.jpg" height="400" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">With the line attached, now we reel it in.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEistbF_B5VSTb_XZ7f3pMX6NI5Nxr4dDRzGPOgc1YF_sbdO6ESYYkUgxmVkqmWLzK9pzbW_sZsrSGZCU1NCGHv1BG7RyRZZTOqdeSV5aby1npdMuGzlHq6G0KLiEHfRi9BcuE1g9I93yx6P/s1600/IMG_4454.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEistbF_B5VSTb_XZ7f3pMX6NI5Nxr4dDRzGPOgc1YF_sbdO6ESYYkUgxmVkqmWLzK9pzbW_sZsrSGZCU1NCGHv1BG7RyRZZTOqdeSV5aby1npdMuGzlHq6G0KLiEHfRi9BcuE1g9I93yx6P/s1600/IMG_4454.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Denis and Andrew preparing filters for measuring chlorophyll. One of many tests to be done from this one CTD cast.</td></tr>
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t3joynerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04106406164281806731noreply@blogger.com0